Reproduction, Gender, And Sexuality Flashcards
What is sexual health?
Integration of the somatic, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexual being
Sexual identity
A persons self-identify, biological sex, gender identity, gender role behavior or expression and sexual orientation
Biological sex
- sex that is assigned at birth
- term used to denote chromosomal sexual development
- Male: XY
- Female: XX
Sexual orientation
Romantic, emotional, affectionate, or sexual attraction to other people
Heterosexual: opposite sex
Gay: same sex
Bisexual: both
Asexual: no preference
Questioning
Sexual expression
Masturabatuon
Sexual intercourse
Oral-genital stimulation
Abstinence
Adaptation vs maladaptive
Adaption: 2 consenting adults
Maladaptive: bad experience
Developmental considerations: INFANCY
Birth to 18 month to a year
Brains pleasure from touching
Often dressed according social norms based on biological sex it sec assigned at birth
Developmental considerations: toddler
Age 1-3
Control over bowels
Enjoy fondling genitals
Identify own sex and gender
Develop vocabulary related to anatomy
Development considerations: late adulthood
Organisms may become shorter and less intense
Vaginal secretion decreases
Male resolution lengthens
May feel the need to cease sexual activity
Fear of losing sexual abilities
Young adulthood: 20-35
Premarital sex is common
Knowledge regarding sexual response and activity increases pleasure of relationships
Experience with various sexual expressions
Many couples share financial responsibility
Adulthood: 35-55
Bodily changes as a result of menopause
Purples focus on the quality of sex vs the quantity
Divorce is common
Town children begin their own sexual experiences
Sexual satisfaction increases due to loss of fear of being pregnant
Adolescence: 13-19
Romany and secondary sex characteristics develop
Sexual fantasies common
Masturbation common
Begin to partake in sexual intercourse
Experiment with same sex even if they are not gay
Risk for pregnancy and sti
Gender expression and identification is solidified during adolescence
What is menarche
The first period
Preadolescence 10-13
Puberty begun with secondary sex characteristics
Menarche takes place
Preschooler: 4-6
Becomes increasing aware of self
Enjoys exploring body arts of self and play mates
Engages in masturbation
Gender identity is formed
School age 6-10
Attachment to the parent of the opposite sex
Having same sex friend
Curiosity about about sex and fears
Increase self awareness
Culture
Every culture has its own norms regarding sexual identity and behavior
Ask the patient what is normal for them
What question can you ask the patient to know ,ore about their cultural sex beliefs
What type of dress is appropriate for children, female etc
How is nudity viewed
Is masturbation acceptable
What age is genital sexuality intimacy appropriate? With whom
What sexual practices are acceptable
What are the rules for marriage?
Is premarital sex, or polygamy accepted
What role behaviors and social repositions are expected of men and women
Religion
Some religion see virginity as purity. It is ok when you’re married
Negative expression of sexuality
Any other sexual expression other than male and female relationships is viewed as unnatural
Guilt and anxiety
Ethics
Healthy sexuality depends on free of guilt and anxiety
If the sexual expression is performed by 2 consenting adults, is not harmful to them, and is practiced in privacy, it should not be considered as a deviant behavior.
People should personally decide which aspects of sexual expression are comfortable for them
Lifestyle
Stressors
Varied responsibilities : energy level for sex may decrease
It’s important that couples set aside time for intimate relationships
Young people who receive accurate, direct information regarding sex and develop associated skills are less likely to engage in sexual behavior with multiple partners
Sexually transmitted diseases (Sti)
HIV, AIDS, bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, genital herpes, gonnorrhea, hav, syphillis, trichomoniadis
Can cause reproductive issues and infertility issues
Mostly spread through sexual contact
Prevention of STI
Delay having sexual relations as long as possible
Have regular checkups for sti
Learn more common symptoms of sti
Avoid anal intercourse
Avoid douching
Correctly and consistently use condoms
Use clean needles if injecting drugs
Void sexual activity when being treated for sti
Get treated if you have an sti to reduce the risk of spreading it
Discuss with doctor the possible risk of when breastfeeding
Notify all your sexual partners if you have and sti and urge them to get tested and treated
Follow providers orders and do a follow up test
Abstinence
Avoid all sexual activity when being treated
Why should you avoid anal intercourse? And if you engage in it what should you do?
It increases the chance of getting sti. If you do engage in it use a condom
Who are most prevalent
Young adults and teens
Why should you avoid douching
Because it removes some of the normal bacterial flora increases risk of getting sti
Ectopic pregnancy
Having sti increases chances of this kind of pregnancy
What is menstruation
Normal vaginal bleeding that prepares for the presence of fertilized ovum
What are the causes of irregular menstrual
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Eating disorders, weight loss extreme, extreme exercise
Polycystic ovary syndrome: hormone disorder causing small cyst of ovaries
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Uterine fibroids: heavy prolonged periods
Pre,styrene ovarian failure: loss of ovarian function before the age of 40
When does the normal vaginal bleeding take place
2-7 days
What is the first menstrual called?
What age do you usually get thus
Mearche
Age 12
What is menopause
What age
The cessation of menstrual
48-55
How long does the menstration cycle last
28 days
Sexual dysfunction : Males
Erectile dysfunction
Premature ejaculation
Delayed ejaculation
Another name for erectile dysfunction
Impotnece
Erectile dysfunction
He inability to maintain or attain reaction to the extent where cannot have a satisfactory interaction
Various illness, anxiety, treatment of illness
Premature ejaculation
Ejaculate before entering the vagina or as soon as you meter the vaginal orifice
Partner does not get the chance to be satisfied
Delayed ejaculation
Ales inability to ejaculate within time frame
Female sexual dysfunction
Inhibited sexual desire
Dyspareunia
Vaginismus
Inhibited sexual desire
Inhibition of sexual desire
Congestion and lubrication are absent
Causative factors: anxiety, fear, negative emotion etc
Dyspareunia
Pain during sexual intercourse
Vaginismus
Vagina gets so tight that it can’t be penetrated
The muscles at the vaginal opening have spasms
Effects of illness, injuries and medication: DIABETES
With type 2 Diabetes more likely to have erectile dysfunction
Can be fixed with penile prosthesis
How can erectile dysfunction be fixed
Penile prosthetics
Cardiovascular disease
Antihypertensive medication can cause male to have difficulty with erection
What does hypertensive medication does
Contribute to erectile dysfunction
Diseases of the joint and mobility
Pain fatigue, loss of the range of motion
Pain is associated decreases experience
Surgery and body image
After surgery the patients need to get adjusted to their bodies
Can affect a persons self perception and sexual being
Mastectomy and ostomy
Give the patient time to grieve the loss of their uterus
Many people are anxious how it will affect their sex lives
Odor and leakage needs to addressed to make the the patient more comfortable
Spinal cord injuries
Affect the patients ability to ambulate waist down
Ejaculation and orgasm are more likely to decrease
Lack of physical sensation
Chronic pain
May not desire any sexual activity
Less enjoyable
Mental illness
Disruption of functioning
Disruption of sexual function
Patients with mental illness may behave inappropriately sexually
Patients with Alzheimer’s lose memory of partner
Medication
Antihypertensive: bp
Antihistamine
Narcotics
Heavy drinking
Antidepressants
Some med affect sexual function
Anticonvulsant
Antipsychotic
Recreational Drugs
Barbiturates
Antipsychotic
Heavy drinking and sexual
Heavy drinking can cause an libido and negatively affect sexual functioning
Lower sex drive
What are you asking in the nursing history : table 46-1
Reproductive history
History of sti
History of sexual dysfunction
Sexual self care behaviors
Sexual self concept
Sexual function
What should you make sure as a nurse that is form when performing nursing history
Quiet environment
Open ended questions
Sit at the patients level
No interruptions
Maintain eye contact
Methods of contraception: Barrier
Condoms
Diaphragm : female version of a condom
Spermicides: built into the condom
Hormonal contraception
Oral contraception
Does not prevent sti
Nexplaon
Depo
Patch
Intrauterine devices contraceptive
IUD: block the fallopian tube
Emergency contraception contraception
The morning after pill
Reduce the risk of pregnancy after intercourse without contraception
Delay ovulation and reduce the risk of pregnancy
Sterilization
Permanent and irreversible
Sexual desire and ability is unaffected
Vasectomy and hysterectomy
What makes birth control less effective
Antibiotic
Physical assessment
Physical assessments
Annual gynecological exam with Pap smear
Suspected sti
Suspected pregnancy
Work up for infertility
Unusual lump, discharge, or appearance of genital organs
Request for birth control
Change in urinary fucntion
When is the annual gynecological papsmear should be done
Every 3 years
At 21
Even if the patient is not sexually active
Implementation
Establish a trusting relationship with the patient
Teach about sexuality and sexual health
Promote responsible sexual expression
Contraception
Facilitating coping with special sexual needs
Healthcare needs for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people
Advocating for patient sexuality needs
Counseling the patient regarding sexuality, abortion and in the case of abusive relationships and rape
Patient outcome regarding sexuality
Define individual sexuality
Establish open pattern of communication with significant others
Develop self-awareness and body awareness
Describe responsible sexual health self-care practices
Practice responsible sexual expression
What factors can affect sexuality
Developmental considerations
Lifestyle
Culture
Ethics
Religion
Menstrual
Retarded ejaculation
Delayed ejaculation not the vagina
Vulvodynia
Chronic vulvar discomfort or pain that occurs with sexual intercoure
How can hypertension affect sexual function
THe medication cause sexual changes with function
Myocardial infarction and sexual function
In order to allow the cardiac muscles to heal they have to avoid sexual activity
What’s the main thing to remember with birth control
It does not prevent STI
Is sexual desire affected either by sterilization
No
