Culture, Cultural Diveristy And Spirituality (Exam 3) Flashcards
What is culture?
A pattern if shared attitudes, beliefs, self- definition, norms, roles, and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a defined geographical region.
Cultural diversity
Coexistence of different ethnic, biological sex, racial and socioeconomic groups within one social unit
Physiologic variations
Certain racial and ethnic groups are more prone to be diagnosed with certain diseases and conditions.
Reactions to pain
-some cultures allow and even encourage the expression of pain while some cultures encourage the suppression of pain.
-never assume that because a patient is not complaining of pain means that they are not in pain.
What are non verbal signs that a patient may be in pain?
- holding or applying pressure to the area
- facial grimacing
- avoiding activities that intensify the pain
- moaning
Mental health
Many ethnic group have their own respectable patterns of behavior for psychological well being as well as different psychological reactions to certain situations.
Assigned sex roles
-In some cultures the man is the dominant figure and make decisions for all family members. So if this family member is ill then the family may be anxious and confused
Language and communication
Ripple from different country might speak fluent in their language it have difficulty speaking English
Children usually assimilate more rapidly
Having qualified interpreter
Talking more loudly doesn’t help
Questions to ask yourself with a patient who speaks a different language
What language does the patient speak during ADL
How well does the patient speak bad write English
Does the patient med an interpreter
How does the patient prefer to be addressed
The cultural values and beliefs
Orientation to time and space
Understand a patient orientation to time. To some culture time punctuality is very important
Understanding personal space
Food and nutrition
Most times when in hospitals the patients don’t have access to foods that they are used to eating within their culture making them more at risk for inadequate nutrition
Family or friends to bring foods that the patient might like
Family support
Consider the Needs of family member
Socioeconomic factors
Poverty
What does culture acceptable look like
Positive attitudes and behaviors
Well being
Healthy associations with others
Successful relationships
Spiritual well being
What does culture non acceptance
Denial
Depression
Substance abuse
Unsuccessful relationships
Spiritual despair
Cultural competence
- Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the patient culture, health-related needs and culturally specific meaning of health and illness.
- being open to and comfortable with cultural encounters
- Resisting judgmental attitudes such as “different is not as good”
Factors influencing health disparities
Racial and ethnic groups
Poverty
Gender
Age
Mental health
Educational level
Disabilities
Sexual Orientation
Health insurance and access to healthcare: health coverage, quality of care
Health disparities
Health differences in groups between groups of people
Affect how frequently a disease affects a group
How does a culturally competent nursing and interdisciplinary health care based nursing
Develop self-awareness
Demonstrating knowledge and understanding of a patient’s culture
Accepting and respecting cultural differences
Identify the need for interdisciplinary collaboration
Identify significant information to report to other disciplines
Review plan of care to ensure continuity across disciplines
Serve as a resource person to other staff
Being open to and comfortable with cultural encounters
Accepting responsibility for one’s own cultural competency
Self care promotion: promoting safe patient outcomes in diverse populations
Cultural assessment
Cultural competence
Overcome language barriers
Respect spiritual beliefs and practices
Consider the cultural context of the encounter
Build trust and rapport
Practice active listening
Include head of family in patient care discussion
Barriers to safe care
Language and health literacy
Inappropriate care transitions
Inadequate patient adherence to provider recommendations such as follow ups
The nurse must be aware that specific spiritual beliefs and practices are affected by family and culture affect health care decisions/ choices
What factors affect treatment
Patient gender
Age
Sexual preference
Spiritual beliefs
Socioeconomic status
Physical and mental capacities
Geographic location
What are the primary and secondary health education strategies for patients and families to cope with stress, mental health problems, and loss, grief
Primary: promote effective coping, health, and weak being
Secondary: related to mental health conditions that are often linked to ineffective or maladaptive coping. Screening
Other health education strategies to cope
Education: treatment alternatives
Social support: family, friends, support groups, community groups, spiritual groups
Exercise: relief of tension, reduce stress and relaxation
Therapeutic lifestyle change: motivational interview to promote change
Music therapy: physiologically relaxing
Pharmacologic: antidepressants, anti anxiety
Other: acupuncture, herbal and aromatherapy
Positive coping strategies and behaviors
Art therapy
Counseling
Distraction and diversion activities
Education
Massage
Medication
Music therapy
Physical activity
Praying
Relaxation techniques
Social support
Spiritual resources
Yoga
Maladaptive coping behaviors / negative coping behaviors
Avoidance
Attacki g or bullying
Compartmentalizing
Denial
Dependency
Displacement
Dissociation
Emotional outburst
Excessive eating
Regression
Rationalizing
Self harm
Sensitization
Social isolation/ withdrawal
Substance use
Violence
How can you advocate for your patient participation in determining health outcomes
Develop a patient provider relationship
Self management health promotion
Health education
Patient engagement
Coordinated healthcare interventions
Collaboration between patient and provider
Monitor interdisciplinary appointment to ensure all dimensions of health care is being provided
Relevant concepts to culture, cultural diversity and spirituality
Spirituality
Health disparities
Fatigue
Mood and affect
Ethics
Communication
Stress and coping
Family dynamic
What is spirituality
Encompasses the following ideas :
-A principle, an experience, attitudes and belief regarding transcendence, and inner person
- spiritual beliefs and practices are impacted by family and cultures
Community based religious organizations can provide spiritual support and resources
What is health disparities
A health difference that is closely linked with social,economic, and/or environmental damage.
With spirituality nurses must be willing to:
Asses and integrate patient beliefs into care
Consult with or refer to an appropriate spiritual expert
