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Bowel Elimation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the go tract go

A

Mouth to anus

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2
Q

Role of the bowel in maintaining normal function

A

The food that the body is not able to disgest is excreted
Bacteria and toxins fro, the gi are excreted
Manufactures vitamin k and b

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3
Q

What assessment to identify mechanisms of altered elimination

A

History of Gi tract and elimination
Physical assessments
Abdomen
Ova and parasite and stool sample
Decal occult stool

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4
Q

Focused assessment

A

Normal bowel elimination pattern
Need any help to have bowel movement
Recent change in bowel elimination
Issues with bowel Elimination
Bowel diversion
Inspect
Auscultate
Palpate
Percuss
Characteristics of the stool
Anus and rectum
Disgnostic test

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5
Q

What assessments tech

A

Fecal occult: to test for blood, fat, meat fibers, bile etc
Ova and parasites

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6
Q

Developmental considerations

A

Infant: the muscles are not developed as much so decreased control.
Toddlers day time bowel control at 2-3 yes old and 30 months
Adolescent: increased secretion of gastric acid and accelerated growth of large intestines
Older adults: decreased peristalsis and relaxation of sphincter = decreased urge

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7
Q

Breast milk stool vs formula stool

A

Breast milk: watery and yellow brown
Formula stool: pasty and brown

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8
Q

Risk factors for alterations of elimination

A

Daily pattern
Food and fluid
Activity and muscle tome: bed rest patients , decreased activities
Lifestyle
Diagnostic studues
Surgery and anesthesia
Pregnancy
Lifestyle and psychological
Pathological conditions

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9
Q

What medication cause constipation

A

Opioid so give stool softener
Antacids with aluminum
Antidepressants
Calcium supplements

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10
Q

Diarrhea inducing medication

A

Anti acid with magnesium,
Antibiotics
Metformin

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11
Q

What’s important to note about laxative

A

Causes weakening of the bowels
Development of chronic comstipation
It’s never a solution

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12
Q

Most common causes of constipation

A

Depression
Pregnancy
Colon cancer
Stress and eating disorder
Hypothyroidism
Large amounts of diary products
Diseases of the colon and rectum
Inadequate intake if water and fiber
Injury of spinal

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13
Q

Constipation

A

BM less than 3 times a week

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14
Q

Constipation is associated with

A

Pain from hemorrhoids
Disruption of regular diet
Inadequate activity
Neurological conditions
Medicine: opioid, iron pill and antidepressants
Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement
Overuse of laxatives

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15
Q

Diarrhea

A

Loose, watery stool that occur more frequent than usual

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16
Q

Most common causes of diarrhea

A

Stomach flu
Uremia or hyperthyroidism
Food and lactose intolerance
Vital or bacterial infection
Contaminated food or water
Autoimmune disease (lupus and chron)
Nervous system disorders

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17
Q

What’s are associated disorders affecting diarrhea

A

Disgestion
Absorption
Secretion

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18
Q

Clostridium difficle

A

Hospital acquired infectious diarrhea
Antibiotic usage that disrupts the normal gi tract bacteria flora

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19
Q

C diff precautions

A

Wash hands only

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20
Q

What are some evidenced based interventions

A

Promote regular bowel habits
Administer laxative or antidiarrheal administer enemas, rectal suppositories, rectal catheter and digital removal of stool

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21
Q

Promoting regular bowel habits

A

Timing encouraging the pastimes to stay on regular timing
Positioning to sit upright
Provide privacy
Exercise: promote gi mobility
Comfort measurements
Nutrition: high fiber intake

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22
Q

High fiber intake

A

25-38 g

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23
Q

How can you provide comfort measures for your patient for bowel elimination

A

Encouraging proper diet
Admin medications
Applying ointment etc

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24
Q

Administering laxatives and antidiarrheals

A

Stool softeners
Patient and family teaching
Nursing care
Stimulant: sena,bisacodyl

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25
Osmotic polyethylene and antidiarrheals forming psyllium-lactulose magnesium citrate
Laxative. It hardens the stool and pulls it through and becomes soft so it can be excreted
26
To promote elimination of stool
Enema Suppository Oral intestinal lovage Digital removal of stool
27
What’s one thing you have to check before giving suppositories
Check the blood pressure
28
Patient education: prevent diarrhea
Teach about nutrition Education on anti diarrhea med Education on food safety Medication
29
Prevent constipation
High fiber foods: bread, fruits, veg and whole grains Adequate fluid: 2,000-3,000 ml Exercise
30
What data are you goi h to gain before admission
Physical assessment Urine and stool characteristics Measure urine output and bowel movements Assess for pain associated to elimination
31
Role of nurse in caring for patient with altercation of urinary elimination
Focused pelvic and perineal care Focused abdominal and rectal care pre and post gi procedures Education Document Facilitate independent self care
32
What are we documenting
Initial assessment findings Changes in status during shift change Response to test and procedure Change in weight Intake and output or skin integrity Patient response to nursing interventions
33
What are you educating the family and patient on
Newly diagnosed elimination problem Ordered test and procedure Effective infection control Urinary catheter care
34
Hat are we teaching the patient
Hydration Hygiene Skin care Medications Maintain voiding pattern Knowing and facilitating bowel patterns Assisting with urination and bowel movement as needed Uriemte and have BM when u feel the urge to do so Self catherizatiim
35
Name some support strategies for patients and family with chronic altercation in elimination
Bowel training program Set routine time for bowel movement 20-40 min after meal Monitor bowel movement : frequency, consistency, shape and volume Ensure privacy Fluid intake of : 2,000-3,000 ml Foods that promote regular bowel movement Use digital removal:
36
What is the right time to set bowel movements program
20-40 min after meal
37
Digital removal of poop
Insert lubricated finger into anus
38
Name some high fiber fiber foods that promote BM
Bran Grains whole Dried peas Fresh fruit and vegetables
39
What color BM IS bad
Black
40
What are strategies to manage care of a colostomy or ileostomy
Community resources are available for assistance Encourage patients to eat foods that are high in fiber Avoid foods that might cause diarrhea or flatus Drink 1.8 liters of water per day Teach about med Odor control Inspect stoma Resume normal activity and sexual relations
41
What foods to avoid with colostomy to prevent blockage
High in fiber With skin Seeds Shells
42
Inspecting stoma
Make sure the stoma site is clean and dry Size is 6-8 inches
43
Relationship to maintain elimination
Reno = urination Urine and bowel elimination is essential for fluid and electrolytes balance There is an emotional toll for patients with bowel dysfunction. Depression and body image problems Reproduction may be ffedted Infection control
44
Emotional and psychological effects of elimination
Despair Anxiety Fear: of infection Shame and incontinence Mood swings
45
Assessment
Inspect the abdomen: symmetry, contour distention, protrusion, peristalsis Inspect anus and retum Auscultate in 4 quadrants Palpate
46
Nursing diagnosis constipation
Constipation related to Limited fluid intake, low fiber diet, lack of activity, medication, laxative overuse, stress, depression, lack of privacy, fear of pain, ignoring urge to defecate
47
Nursing diagnosis for diarrhea
Related to Anxiety Stews Chemo Radiation Laxative abuse Med side effect Tube feedings
48
Planning patient goal for constipation
Stool is out and normal frequency Express relief from discomfort Identify measures to prevent or treat constipation
49
Planning patient goal for diarrhea
Explain cause of 1500-2000 ml per day Maintain good skin turgor, usual weight and skin integrity to reveal area Report less diarrhea and relief from cramps Defecate formed, soft stool every day to every third day
50
Implementation constipation
Obtain normal BM pattern Assess for laxative and enema use Review diary habits, eating schedule and liquid intake Assess activity level and administer med
51
Implementation diarrhea
With the patient daily and note increased weight Keep rooms odor free Antidiarrheals drug s needed Avoid stimulants such as caffeine Record I and o
52
Fecal diversion
Creation of ileostomy or colostomy
53
Ileostomy
Opening between skin and small intestine
54
Colostomy
Opening between ski and colon
55
Dietary considerations for ileostomy or colostomy
Avoid food that causes gas: Avoid foods that causes odors Avoid food that cause stoma blockage Eat foods that help controls diarrhea and are natural intestinal deodorizers
56
Foods that produce ga and and odor
Apples Asparagus Beer Cucumbers Dairy products Dried peas, beans, and lentils Eggs Fatty foods Fish Garlic Melons
57
Foods that cause stoma blockage
Bean sprouts Cabbage Celery Coconut Corn Dried fruit Mushrooms Nuts Peas Pineapple Popcorn Seeds Skins from fruits and vegetables
58
Foods that are natural deodorizers
Buttermilk Parsley Yoghurt
59
Why do we irrigate a colostomy
To train the bowel to empty at the same time each day
60
Osteomyelitis appliance bag why?
Protects the skin Control odor
61
How many days after surgery we get colostomy bag
2-5
62
When do we drain the ostomy bag
1/3 is full
63
What to include in documentation
Bowel or urinary habits Assessment findings Nursing and possible medical diagnosis Lab and procedural test Nursing and med interventions Teaching Family support system
64
Legal practice’s NEGLIGENCE
Protect the patient from falling to prevent secondary to delirium for uti or incontinence Protect patient from pressure injuries Keeping patient clean Monitor lab test and results and urine output to prevent dehydration Provide hygiene and catheter care Administer prescribed diets and medication Advocate for the shortest time with catheter
65
HIPPA
Protect the patient information
66
Fraud
Information shared with patient is accurate and appropriate
67
Assault and battery
Obtain patient consent

Fundamentals (Nurs 113) (11 decks)

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