Reproduction, Fertility And Contraception

Question 1

What Is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

The joining of 2 gametes (sperm and egg)

Question 2

Urethra

Answer 2

Tube through which the sperm leaves the penis

Question 3

Penis

Answer 3

Organ that introduces sperm to the vagina

Question 4

Scrotum

Answer 4

Sac that holds and protects the testes at slightly lower than body temperature

Question 5

Prostate Gland

Answer 5

Adds fluid to nourish the sperm

Question 6

Sperm tube

Answer 6

Carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra

Question 7

Testis

Answer 7

Produce sperm

Question 8

Sperm

Answer 8

Haploid male gametes formed by meiosis. Contain Mitochondria (for energy production) and a Flagellum (that allows the sperm to swim)

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

Contain a single set of chromosomes

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Contain 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 11

Ovary

Answer 11

Produces ova (eggs)

Question 12

Ova (singular ovum)

Answer 12

Haploid female gametes formed by meiosis

Question 13

Cervix

Answer 13

The opening of the uterus, widens when giving birth

Question 14

Vagina

Answer 14

The penis places sperm here during sexual intercourse

Question 15

Oviduct

Answer 15

Carries the ova (eggs) to the uterus, fertilisation takes place here

Question 16

Uterus

Answer 16

Will nourish the developing foetus if pregnancy results

Question 17

Zygote

Answer 17

The first (diploid) cell of a new individual, following fertilisation

Question 18

Fertilisation

Answer 18

Involves the haploid nuclei of the sperm and ovum fusing and restoring the diploid condition

Question 19

Implantation

Answer 19

The attachment of the embryo (ball of cells) to the uterus lining following fertilisation

Question 20

Placenta

Answer 20

The structure that links the uterus wall to the foetus via the umbilical cord. It is here where the exchange of materials takes place between the mother and child

Question 21

How is the placenta adapted

Answer 21

It has a large surface area for diffusion

Question 22

Testosterone

Answer 22

Produced by testes on males

Question 23

Oestrogen

Answer 23

Produced by ovaries in females

Question 24

Secondary sexual characteristics caused by testosterone

Answer 24

1) sexual organs enlarge
2) body/pubic hair grows
3) voice deepens
4) sexual awareness/ drive increases

Question 25

Secondary sexual characteristics caused by oestrogen

Answer 25

1) sexual organs/ breasts enlarge 2) pubic hair grows 3) pelvis and hips widen 4) menstruation begins 5) sexual awareness/ drive increases

Question 26

How long does menstruation (having periods) last?

Answer 26

Until the end of a woman's reproductive life

Question 27

What is the function of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 27

The monthly renewal of the delicate blood-rich lining of the uterus, so that it will provide a suitable environment for the embryo should fertilisation occur

Question 28

How long does menstruation last? When is the ovum released (ovulation)? How can sex result in pregnancy?

Answer 28

• ~ 28 days • ~Day 14 (uterus lining has built up by this stage) • if it occurs in a short window on either side of ovulation

Question 29

Menstruation

Answer 29

The breakdown and removal of the blood-rich uterine lining at the end of each cycle

Question 30

Oestrogen (more detailed answer)

Answer 30

The female sex hormone produced by the ovaries. The hormone that both causes the repair and build-up of the uterus lining following menstruation and stimulates ovulation. Also causes the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 31

Progesterone

Answer 31

The female hormone that maintains the build-up of the uterus lining and prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Question 32

How to treat fertility problems?

Answer 32

1) Fertility Drugs (increase egg production) 2) IVF - test tube 3) IUI (syringe)