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BIO191B > Reproduction & Embryology > Flashcards

Reproduction & Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Scrotum

A

a sac of loose skin & underlying subcutaneous tissue that contains the testes

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2
Q

Testes

A

paired, oval glands in the scrotum partially covered by tunica vaginalis
Seminiferous tubules: carry sperm produced within them (spermatogenesis) out of the testes

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3
Q

Sperm

A

designed to reach & penetrate the secondary oocyte in order to achieve fertilization & create a zygote; head contains 23 chromosomes; chromosome covers head & contains enzymes to help w/ penetration

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4
Q

Semen

A

mixture of sperm & seminal fluid

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5
Q

Epididymus

A

where sperm matures and propels sperm into ductus deferens; degenerated sperm are reabsorbed

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6
Q

Penis

A

contains urethra; passageway for semen & urine

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7
Q

Seminal vesicles (gland)

A

secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins & proteins

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8
Q

Prostate (gland)

A

gland that secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid containing citric acid, enzymes & acid phosphatase

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9
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

secret an alkaline fluid during sexual arousal that neutralizes acids from urine

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10
Q

GnRH

A

stimulates cells in the pituitary to produce LH & FSH

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11
Q

LH

A

stimulates cells in testes to produce testosterone

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12
Q

FSH

A

stimulates spermatogenesis

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13
Q

Testosterone

A

prenatal development, male sexual characteristics, development of sexual function, & stimulation of anabolism

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14
Q

Inhibin

A

decreases rate of spermatogenesis in males

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15
Q

Ovaries

A

produce gametes & hormones

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16
Q

Uterine tubes

A

pathway for sperm to reach ovum & secondary oocytes & fertilized ova to travel to uterus; end of tube is infundibulum where fimbriae project from & ampulla is widest portion of tube; 3 layers consist of mucosa, muscularis, & serosa

17
Q

Uterus

A

pathway for sperm deposited in vagina to reach uterine tube; fertilized ovum will implant here

18
Q

Cervix

A

inferior extension of uterus into vagina; secretory cells produce cervical mucus which is chemically more hospitable to sperm during ovulation (less viscous, more alkaline) - helps nourish sperm & may aid in capacitation

19
Q

Vagina

A

fibromuscular canal lined w/ mucus that extends from body’s exterior to cervix

20
Q

Hymen

A

thin fold of vascularized mucous membrane that partially closes the inferior end of vagina

21
Q

Vulva

A

external genitalia of female; includes mons pubis, labia minora/majora, clitoris, & vestibule

22
Q

Clitoris

A

enhances sexual pleasure

23
Q

Paraurethral glands

A

secrete mucus & are embedded in wall of urethra

24
Q

Greater vestibular glands

A

produce mucus during sexual arousal to provide lubrication

25
Q

Vasectomy

A

used in males by removing portion of vas deferens

26
Q

Tubul ligation

A

used in females to tie closed & then cut uterine (fallopian) tubes

27
Q

Non-incisional sterilization

A

employs insertion of coil made of plastic & metal into each uterine tube then scar tissue grows & blocks tubes

28
Q

Hormonal methods

A

contraceptives that prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation or thickening cervical mucus

29
Q

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

A

contain hormones or copper which is toxic to sperm

30
Q

Fertilization

A

merging of genetic info from haploid sperm & haploid secondary oocyte

31
Q

Cleavage

A

zygote undergoing rapid mitotic division

32
Q

Blastomeres

A

smaller cells that result from divisions of zygote

33
Q

Morula

A

cluster of cells from cleavage

34
Q

Blastocyst

A

fluid inside morula that rearranges into large, fluid filled blastocyst cavity

35
Q

Embryoblast

A

inner cell mass of blastocyst that develops into embryo

36
Q

Trophoblast

A

outer cell mass of blastocyst that develops into placenta

37
Q

Chorion

A

extraembryonic mesoderm + trophoblast surround embryo

BIO191B (9 decks)

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