Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO191B > Renal Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathway of urine (structures & function)

A

Kidneys (form urine) > Ureters (deliver urine to bladder) > Bladder (stores urine) > Urethra (expels urine from body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Connective tissue of renal anatomy (superficial to deep)

A
  1. Renal fascia: anchors kidney to structures
  2. Adipose capsule: protects kidneys
  3. Renal capsule: adheres kidney to surface & protects spread of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cortical nephron function

A
  • 80-85% of nephrons
  • creates diluted urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron function

A
  • 15-20% of nephrons
  • creates concentrated urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glomerulus function

A

mass of capillaries that fed by afferent arteriole & drains into efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

visceral layer of podocytes that wrap around capillaries; filtrate collected between visceral & parietal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus function

A

regulates blood volume, blood pressure, & filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hilum location & function

A
  • indented area in kidney
  • entrance for renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nerves, & lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Renal cortex

A

highly vascularized outer layer of kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal medulla

A

inner region used to create concentrated urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal pyramid

A

urine-secreting apparatus & tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Renal columns

A

anchor to cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macula densa function

A

sensor needed to glomerular filtration rate regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 3 factors drive glomerular filtration?

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (goes against inside wall of glomerulus), capsular hydrostatic pressure (goes against outside wall of glomerulus), & blood colloid osmotic pressure (osmotic pressure against outside wall of glomerulus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens if GFR is high?

A

Substances pass too quickly & aren’t reabsorbed

17
Q

What happens if GFR is too low?

A

Nearly all reabsorbed & some waste products not adequately excreted

18
Q

Myogenic regulation

A

elevated blood pressure –> smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles contract

19
Q

Tubuloglomerular regulation

A

macula densa inhibits nitric oxide release & afferent arterioles constrict

20
Q

Neural regulation

A

sympathetic tone leads to afferent arteriole constriction & reduced urine output = more blood for other organs

21
Q

hormonal regulation

A
  • angiotensin II constricts afferent arteriole, decreasing GFR
  • atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) relaxes mesangial cells, increasing capillary surface area & GFR
22
Q

Angiotensin II (stimuli & effects)

A

Stimuli: low blood volume, low-blood pressure
Effects: increases reabsorption of Na+ & water, increasing blood volume & blood pressure

23
Q

Aldosterone (stimuli & effects)

A

Stimuli: increased angiotensin II level, increased level of plasma K+
Effects: increases secretion of K+, increases reabsorption of Na+, increases reabsorption of water (increasing blood volume & blood pressure)

24
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (stimuli & effects)

A

Stimuli: increased osmolarity of extracellular fluid, decreased blood volume
Effects: increases reabsorption of water, decreasing osmolarity of bodily fluids

25
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (stimuli & effects)

A

Stimuli: stretching of heart atria
Effects: increases Na+ excretion in urine, increases urine output, decreasing blood volume & blood pressure

26
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (stimuli & effects)

A

Stimuli: decreased level of plasma Ca2+
Effects: increases Ca2+ reabsorption

27
Q

Formation of dilute urine

A
  • in cortical nephron
  • Descending limb: symporters resorb solutes into interstitial fluid, low water permeability –> high osmolarity
  • Ascending limb: tubule is impermeable to water, solutes leave tubule –> low osmolarity
  • DCT & collecting duct: ADH release makes tubule permeable –> osmolarity decreases
28
Q

Formation of concentrated urine

A
  • in juxtamedullary nephron
  • counter current exchange
29
Q

Acute renal failure

A

impaired ability of kidneys to excrete wastes, regulate blood volume, pH, & electrolytes

30
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of glomeruli

31
Q

Renal insufficiency

A

nephrons destroyed due to disease

32
Q

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

inherited disorder where fluid-filled sacs develop, causing kidneys to enlarge & lose function

BIO191B (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions