Reproduction Anatomy Flashcards by Lauren Zandee

Function of the: Vas Deferens

Conduct sperm from epididymis to urethra

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Function of the: Seminal Vesicle

Adds fructose and prostaglandins (food for the sperm)

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Function of the: Prostate Gland

Adds mucous and alkaline secretions to semen

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Function of the: Epididymis

Coiled tube where sperm mature

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Function of the: Urethra

Conducts semen through the penis

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Function of the: Testis

Produces sperm and testosterone

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Function of the: Scrotum

Pouch of skin to hold testes outside the body

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Flow Chart for Sperm

Testis-> epididymis-> vas deferens-> seminal vesicle-> prostate gland-> cowper’s gland-> urethra-> out

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Function of the: Interstitial Cell

Secretes testosterone. As well as fluid that surrounds all the cell bodies.

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Function of the: spermatogonium

A diploid germ cell that at puberty will be stimulated by hormones to become a sperm cell

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Function of the: sperm

The male gametes: carry 23 chromosomes to fertilize an egg (female gamete which contains 23 chromosomes)

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Function of the: sertoli cell

Cells in the seminiferous tubules that support and nourish developing sperm cells

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Function of fluid contributed to semen: seminal vesicles

Contribute fructose, prostaglandins and fluid to semen

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Function of fluid contributed to semen: Prostate gland

Contributes alkaline and mucus fluids to semen. Protects sperm against acidic environment of the vagina

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Function of fluid contributed to semen: Cowper’s Gland

Contributes alkaline and mucous fluids to semen. Secretes a mucus-rich fluid prior to ejaculation

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Function of the: Uterus

Houses the developing fetus

Function of the: Endometrium

Lining of uterus- supplied with blood vessels to provide nutrients for the fetus

Function of the: Fallopian tube (oviduct)

Conducts eggs from ovary to uterus. Location where fertilization happens

Function of the: ovary

Produces eggs (process: oogenesis) and sex hormones

Function of the: follicles

Specialized cells in which an ovum (egg) develops, matures and ruptures from each month

Function of the: cervix

Narrow opening to uterus- sperm enter single file; must dilate to accommodate birth of baby

Function of the: Vagina

Receives penis during sexual intercourse. Birth canal; exit for menstrual flow every month

What part of the reproductive system does fertilization occur?

The fallopian tube (oviduct) - upper 1/3

What is menstruation?

When the endometrium (uterine lining) disintegrates and its tissues and blood flow out of the vagina- occurs monthly if the egg is not fertilized

How does an unfertilized ovum travel out of the body?

Follicle in ovary (follicle burst and ovum is released= ovulation) -> fallopian tube-> uterus-> cervix-> vagina-> out

How does an fertilized ovum travel out of the body?

Follicle in ovary (follicle burst and ovum is released= ovulation) -> fallopian tube where ovum is fertilized by sperm-> uterus-> implants in endometrium and grows for 9 months-> exits through the cervix-> vagina-> out

Oogenesis vs. Spermatogenesis: Number of mature gametes produced

F: 1 OVUM plus 3 polar bodies that die off M: 4 sperm

Oogenesis vs. Spermatogenesis: Division of cytoplasm

F: unequal- 1 egg gets all of the cytoplasm and three polar bodies (not enough cytoplasm to survive) M: Equal division of cytoplasm

Oogenesis vs. Spermatogenesis: Are meiosis I and II continuous?

F: No- eggs remain in meiosis I until puberty then meiosis II is completed at time of fertilization M: Yes- males produce sperm from puberty until death

Oogenesis vs. Spermatogenesis: Numbers produced

F: At puberty, ovary contains 300,000 to 400,000 eggs; one egg matures and is released from each ovary each month M: Continuously produced; about 200 to 500 million per day

What characteristics set eggs apart from sperm?

Larger, lots of cytoplasm, not motile, found in ovaries (follicles), only one matures gamete is produced

What characteristics set sperm apart from eggs?

Much smaller, little cytoplasm, motile, found in testes, 4 matures gametes are produced

What characteristics do eggs and sperm share?

Both have: have the chromosomes as body cells do, make haploid gametes, created by meiosis, stimulated to develop by FSH

What hormones stimulates the Interstitial Cell?

What hormones stimulate the Spermatogonium, sperm and sertoli cell?

FSH