Endocrine System Flashcards
(43 cards)
What does negative feedback do? Example?
It will counteract the effect. It will cause change to bring the system back to homeostasis (keep the body in balance). Eg: you are cold – put a sweater on
What does positive feedback do? Example?
Stimulus amplifies the effect. It will take the system further away from homeostasis. The feedback does the same as the stimulus. Eg: you are cold – take clothes off so you become more cold
What are the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
Growth hormone (hGh), Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), FSH, LH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (Adrenal cortex hormone), prolactin.
What are tropic hormones and name them.
Tropic hormones cause the release of another hormone from an endocrine gland. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
What are direct hormones and name them.
Direct hormones cause direct effects on target cells
ADH, Oxytocin, Prolactin, thyroxin, calcitonin, PTH, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine.
What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?
T3 and T4 (Metabolism and development) and Calcitonin ( Calcium levels in the blood stream).
What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas? Explain each mode of action
Insulin: increases permeability of body cells to glucose LOWERS GLUCOSE LEVELS. This increases the conversion of glucose to glycogen which is then stored in body fat
Glucagon: Causes the conversion of stored sugar (glycogen) into glucose. INCREASES GLUCOSE LEVELS
What stimulates the anterior pituitary gland? Where is it located?
Hypothalamus (releasing hormone). It is located below the hypothalamus
What tropic hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland? What is their effect?
TSH: Stimulates the thyroid to secret thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
ACTH: Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secret cortisol
What direct hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? What is their effect?
hGH: Increased protein synthesis, increased cell division, metabolic breakdown of fat (increases blood glucose levels)
What is the effect of too much hGH as a child and an adult?
Child: Gigantism, Dwarfism
Adult: Acromegaly
What stimulates the posterior pituitary gland? Where is it located?
Dehydration and increased blood concentration. It is located below the hypothalamus
What direct hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland? What is their effect?
ADH: Kidneys -> more water is reabsorbed back into the blood stream, body excretes less urine, blood pressure increases
What is the effect of not enough ADH?
Large volumes of dilute urine, dehydration, diabetes insipidus
What is the difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes insipidus: a lack of ADH so the body does not absorb water into the blood stream
Diabetes Mellitus: a lack of insulin so the body cannot breakdown sugar
What stimulates the parathyroid gland? Where is it located?
Low level of calcium in the blood. It is located in the neck
What hormone is released from the parathyroid? What is it’s effect?
PTH (Parathyroid Hormone): Bones breakdown to release calcium into the blood, kidneys reabsorb calcium form urine
What stimulates the thyroid gland? Where is is located
High calcium levels in the blood. It is located in the neck.
What hormones are released from the thyroid gland? What are their effects?
Thyroxine (T3 & T4): increases the rate of cellular respiration the glucose breaks down, metabolism of fats, carbs and proteins for energy
Calcitonin: calcium is taken into the bones to lower calcium levels in the blood, kidneys take less calcium in the blood and excrete more in the urine
What does the hypothalamus control?
Releasing hormones
What does the parathyroid gland control?
Calcium balance
What does the thyroid control?
Calcium balance and metabolism
What does the adrenal gland control?
Sex, sugar and salt hormones
What does the pancreas control?
Insulin and and glucagon (Sugar levels)
