Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 30 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does negative feedback do? Example?

A

It will counteract the effect. It will cause change to bring the system back to homeostasis (keep the body in balance). Eg: you are cold – put a sweater on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does positive feedback do? Example?

A

Stimulus amplifies the effect. It will take the system further away from homeostasis. The feedback does the same as the stimulus. Eg: you are cold – take clothes off so you become more cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

A

Growth hormone (hGh), Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), FSH, LH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (Adrenal cortex hormone), prolactin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are tropic hormones and name them.

A

Tropic hormones cause the release of another hormone from an endocrine gland. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are direct hormones and name them.

A

Direct hormones cause direct effects on target cells

ADH, Oxytocin, Prolactin, thyroxin, calcitonin, PTH, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

A

T3 and T4 (Metabolism and development) and Calcitonin ( Calcium levels in the blood stream).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas? Explain each mode of action

A

Insulin: increases permeability of body cells to glucose LOWERS GLUCOSE LEVELS. This increases the conversion of glucose to glycogen which is then stored in body fat
Glucagon: Causes the conversion of stored sugar (glycogen) into glucose. INCREASES GLUCOSE LEVELS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What stimulates the anterior pituitary gland? Where is it located?

A

Hypothalamus (releasing hormone). It is located below the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tropic hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland? What is their effect?

A

TSH: Stimulates the thyroid to secret thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
ACTH: Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secret cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What direct hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? What is their effect?

A

hGH: Increased protein synthesis, increased cell division, metabolic breakdown of fat (increases blood glucose levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the effect of too much hGH as a child and an adult?

A

Child: Gigantism, Dwarfism
Adult: Acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stimulates the posterior pituitary gland? Where is it located?

A

Dehydration and increased blood concentration. It is located below the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What direct hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland? What is their effect?

A

ADH: Kidneys -> more water is reabsorbed back into the blood stream, body excretes less urine, blood pressure increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the effect of not enough ADH?

A

Large volumes of dilute urine, dehydration, diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?

A

Diabetes insipidus: a lack of ADH so the body does not absorb water into the blood stream
Diabetes Mellitus: a lack of insulin so the body cannot breakdown sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stimulates the parathyroid gland? Where is it located?

A

Low level of calcium in the blood. It is located in the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What hormone is released from the parathyroid? What is it’s effect?

A

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone): Bones breakdown to release calcium into the blood, kidneys reabsorb calcium form urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What stimulates the thyroid gland? Where is is located

A

High calcium levels in the blood. It is located in the neck.

19
Q

What hormones are released from the thyroid gland? What are their effects?

A

Thyroxine (T3 & T4): increases the rate of cellular respiration the glucose breaks down, metabolism of fats, carbs and proteins for energy
Calcitonin: calcium is taken into the bones to lower calcium levels in the blood, kidneys take less calcium in the blood and excrete more in the urine

20
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

Releasing hormones

21
Q

What does the parathyroid gland control?

A

Calcium balance

22
Q

What does the thyroid control?

A

Calcium balance and metabolism

23
Q

What does the adrenal gland control?

A

Sex, sugar and salt hormones

24
Q

What does the pancreas control?

A

Insulin and and glucagon (Sugar levels)

25
Q

What does the Pituitary gland control?

A

hGH, ADH, TSH, ACTH

26
Q

What is hyperthyroidism? What are the symptoms?

A

When to much thyroxine is released by the thyroid gland. Symptoms include: heat intolerance, eyes bulge out, goitre appetite increase, weight loss, increased heart rate.

27
Q

What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A

Removal of the thyroid gland or medication that inhibits thyroid/ stops making thyroxine.

28
Q

What is hypothyroidism? What are the symptoms?

A

When not enough thyroxine is released by the thyroid gland. Symptoms include: cold intolerance, weight gain, appetite decrease, goitre, decreased heart rate.

29
Q

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Medication dosages of thyroxine.

30
Q

What is a goitre?

A

A lack of iodine that is used to produce thyroxine

31
Q

What solves low blood calcium levels?

A

Parathyroid Stimulating Hormone- Increases reabsorption of calcium for the kidneys and the intestines, breakdown the calcium in bones. This increases the blood calcium levels.

32
Q

What solves high blood calcium levels?

A

Calcitonin- Increases the reabsorption of calcium into bones.

33
Q

What is glucose?

A

Sugar in the blood

34
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hormone that changes stored glycogen in the fats back into glucose.

35
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Stored sugar in the fats

36
Q

What stimulates the adrenal cortex?

A

ACTH and decreased salt levels in the blood

37
Q

What hormones are released from the adrenal cortex? What is their effect?

A

Cortisol: Effects all body cells and increases blood glucose levels by breaking down proteins and fats into glucose
Aldosterone: kidneys reabsorb salt into the blood stream, water follows salt so the body also retains water. This leads to an increase in blood sodium levels

38
Q

What stimulates the adrenal medulla?

A

Short term stress responses and nerves of the sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

What hormones are released from the adrenal medulla? What is their effect?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine: All body cells are effected and it raises blood glucose and metabolism- making more energy available to your body. Fight of flight hormone

40
Q

What stimulates the pancreas?

A

High and low blood glucose levels

41
Q

What hormones are released from the pancreas? What is their effect?

A

Insulin: Increased permeability in blood cells to take in more glucose to be used in cellular respiration. Glucose is converted into glycogen or stored in fat
Glucagon: Decreased permeability in blood cells so less glucose enters the blood. Glycogen is broken down into glucose by the hormone glucagon.

42
Q

What is the result of not enough insulin?

A

Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM): lack of insulin from pancreas, may be hereditary
Type 2 Diabetes (non IDDM): body cells do not respond to insulin and often occurs in overweight people

43
Q

What is the treatment for diabetes? What are the symptoms for diabetes?

A

Insulin pumps, diet, exercise, lose weight insulin shots or pills.
Sugar in the urine, sugar in the blood, fatigue, dehydration, weight loss

Biology 30 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions