Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 30 > Male and Female Reproductive Hormones & Menstruation > Flashcards

Male and Female Reproductive Hormones & Menstruation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What chromosome combination that result in a genetically male offspring?

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What chromosome combination that result in a genetically female offspring?

A

XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics of a male?

A

Testes, scrotum epididymis, penis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, cowpers gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics of a female?

A

Ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics of a male?

A

Facial hair, body hair, deeper voice, broader shoulder. narrow hips, muscle development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics of a female?

A

Minimal facial hair, breasts, minimal body hair, wide hips, high voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do male sex organs develop in an embryo?

A

Y chromosome has a gene called testis- determining factor. The action of the gene triggers the productions of male sex hormones. These are called androgens- it initiate the development of male sex hormones. The testes first develop in the abdominal cavity. In the third month of development the testes begin to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: GnRH in a male?

A

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, stimulates the release of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: FSH in a male?

A

Anterior pituitary, testes (sertoli cells, seminiferous tubules), stimulates sperm formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: LH in a male?

A

Anterior pituitary, testes (interstitial cells), stimulates testosterone production by the interstitial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: Testosterone in a male?

A

Testes (sertoli cells), entire body, stimulates development of male reproductive tract and secondary sex characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: Inhibin in a male?

A

Testes (sertoli cells) anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, Inhibits FSH production ( by negative feedback)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two hormones directly affect spermatogenesis?

A

Testosterone and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do female sex hormones develop in an embryo?

A

It can be thought of as a default pattern. If there was no Y chromosome, then the embryo developed as a female. With no TDF gene, no testosterone then the ovaries and uterus develop instead of the testes by default.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of the menstrual cycle?

A

It ensures that an ovum is released at the same time as the uterus when it is most receptive to the fertilized egg. Having one cycle in every month also allows humans to reproduce many times in a year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormone is responsible for follicle growth?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What hormone is responsible for ovulation?

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Maintains the thickening of the uterine lining (causes blood vessels to develop (vascularization) in endometrium). It prevents uterine contractions and inhibits LH by negative feedback.

20
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: GnRH in a female?

A

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, stimulates release of FSH and LH

21
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: FS in a female?

A

Anterior pituitary, ovaries (follicles), stimulates the growth and development of the ovarian follicle and female sex organs

22
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: LH in a female?

A

Anterior pituitary, ovaries (follicles and corpus lutem), stimulates ovulation and the growth and development of corpus lutem

23
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: Estrogen in a female?

A

Ovaries- follicles (follicular phase before ovulation), Corpus Luteum after ovulations, effects all body cells, stimulates the development of the female repo. tract and secondary sex characteristics, at high levels, stimulates LH surge, initiates the growth of uterine lining

24
Q

What is the production site, target organs and function for the hormone: Progesterone in a female?

A

Ovaries- corpus luteum (after ovulation), uterus, maintains the growth of uterine lining, inhibits uterine contractions, maintains embryo in 1st 12 weeks of pregnancy

25
Q

What happens to the hormone levels if the ovum is fertilized?

A

High progesterone levels maintain the endometrium to support the developing fetus and high estrogen levels stop the ovarian cycle.

26
Q

What hormone is secreted by the developing follicle?

A

Estrogen

27
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the follicular phase?

A

It initiates the thickening of the endometrium. It stimulates LH production (by positive FB) and inhibits FSH (negative FB)

28
Q

What hormone triggers menstruation?

A

Low levels of progesterone and estrogen in the blood due to the degeneration of the CL

29
Q

What is the function of the corpus luteum?

A

It is stimulated by LH to produce progesterone and small amounts of estrogen

30
Q

Timing of the Flow Phase and function

A

Days 1-5: CL has degenerated and hormones are low. Menstruation is occurring

31
Q

Timing of the Follicular Phase and function

A

Day 6-13: Estrogen level is high enough to start to thicken the endometrium. (Follicle secretes Estrogen)

32
Q

Timing of Ovulatory Phase and function

A

Day 14: LH stimulates the mature follicle to rupture and release the mature ovum

33
Q

Timing of Ovulatory Phase and function

A

Days 15-28: Release of progesterone by the corpus luteum, maintains the thickening of endometrium. (CL secretes progesterone)

34
Q

What happens on day 14?

A

Ovulation occurs. LH stimulates the ovum to burst out of the mature follicle in the ovary

35
Q

Step 1 of Menstruation:

A

Increased FSH from the pituitary

36
Q

Step 2 of Menstruation:

A

Follicle growth and development- day 7 one follicle is chosen

37
Q

Step 3 of Menstruation:

A

As estrogen increases, FSH and LH increase. More E= thickening of endometrium

38
Q

Step 4 of Menstruation:

A

LH rises quickly on day 14

39
Q

Step 5 of Menstruation:

A

Ovulation (release of ovum)

40
Q

Step 6 of Menstruation:

A

Formation of corpus luteum. It develops from the cells that made up the follicle

41
Q

Step 7 of Menstruation:

A

Corpus luteum secretes PROGESTERONE and some estrogen

42
Q

Step 8 of Menstruation:

A

Progesterone maintains thickening of endometrium

43
Q

Step 9 of Menstruation:

A

CL degenerates if there is no egg fertilized

44
Q

Step 10 of Menstruation:

A

No CL means no P and E levels (decrease) which means endometrium is not maintained

45
Q

Step 11 of Menstruation:

A

Low P and E levels increase FSH and LH (negative FB)

46
Q

Step 12 of Menstruation:

A

Menstruation occurs since the endometrium has no hormones to maintain it

Biology 30 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions