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Bio 12 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Menstrual cycle day one

A

Your period starts, estrogen hormone increases

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2
Q

Menstrual cycle day 14

A

An LH surge causes ovulation

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3
Q

Menstrual cycle day 21

A

High progesterone levels cause endometrium to be at its thickest point

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4
Q

Menstrual cycle day 28

A

Progesterone and female hormones reduce causing endometrium lining to degenerate

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5
Q

What organs are involved in making seman

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland

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6
Q

Production of testosterone

A

LH controls the production of testosterone by interstitial cells in the testes and ovaries

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7
Q

Where is estrogen made

A

produced primarily in the ovaries, corpus luteum, and placenta

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8
Q

Where is progesterone made

A

Ovaries and testes

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9
Q

Sertoli cells job

A

To nourish the developing sperm cells and release LH hormone

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10
Q

Sperm and egg similarities

A

They both contain 23 chromosomes

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11
Q

What is fertilization

A

When a sperm cell enters the egg cell

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12
Q

What is pregnancy

A

When the fertilized egg cell connects to the endometrium in the uterus

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13
Q

Anterior hormones

A

LH and FSH

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14
Q

Posterior hormones

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Fallopian tubes

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16
Q

Why are testes on the outside

A

To keep cool. Sperm cannot survive in hot temperatures

17
Q

when removing uterus why do they keep the ovaries

A

They make estrogen

18
Q

GnRH

A

Released by hypothalamus. Causes relapse of LH, FSH, estrogen

19
Q

LH

A

Controls production of testosterone. Promotes estrogen production in ovaries. Surges on day 13

20
Q

FSH

A

Promotes sperm production, testosterone production, stimulates follicle in ovary to develop, causes estrogen production, increases in day 6-13

21
Q

Testosterone

A

Develops penis/testes in puberty. Matures sperm

22
Q

Estrogen

A

Hypothalamus detects estrogen and causes positive feedback day 1-13. Surges on day 13. Becomes negative feedback after ovulation. Thickens uterus day 6-13.

23
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced by corpus luteum. Predominate days 15-28. Makes endometrium double and thickness plus secrete mucus.

24
Q

Inhibin

A

Released by Sertoli cells. Increase with sperm production. It negative feedback to maintain sperm levels

25
Q

HGC

A

(Pregnancy) maintains corpus luteum. Produced by embryo then placenta. Stops GNRH plus FSH production. Signals for pregnancy test.

26
Q

Oxytocin

A

(Pregnancy/labor) induces birth. Made in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary. Causes uterus to contract. Positive feedback mechanism birth plus breast-feeding. Simulates mammary glands from milk

27
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Helps propel sperm. Helps uterus contract/induces birth

28
Q

Corpus luteum job

A

a follicle that housed a maturing egg

29
Q

Where are sperm made

A

Seminiferous tubules. After emerging from the testes, sperm are stored in the epididymis. Sperm mature here

30
Q

Path of sperm

A

Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis

31
Q

Follicular phase

A

1-14. Menstruation occurs followed by rebuilding of uterine lining. Increased levels of female hormones. estrogen predominates. Surge of estrogen on day 13

32
Q

Luteal phase

A

15-28. Progesterone predominates. Released by corpus luteum. Progesterone makes endometrium double and thickness and secrete mucus. Around day 25 corpus luteum starts to degenerate. Progesterone decreases. Endometrium mining degenerates

33
Q

What hormones in birth control

A

Estrogen and progesterone

34
Q

What hormone does a pregnancy test look for

A

HGC

35
Q

Negative to steroids

A

Balding, acne, breast enlargement in men opposite for women, kidney disease, reduced testes size, stunted growth, increased sizes of ovaries, high blood pressure

36
Q

How does a vasectomy work

A

You cut both of the vas deferens. Sperm stay in the testicles.

Bio 12 (9 decks)

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