Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Role of DNA

Answer 1

Controls cellular activities with genetic instructions

Question 2

Role of RNA

Answer 2

The genetic material of some viruses and is necessary in all organisms for protein synthesis to occur

Question 3

Role of rRNA

Answer 3

2 rRNA subunit combined with a protein form ribosomes

Question 4

Role of mRNA

Answer 4

Makes by copying sections of a DNA template strand and sends the instructions out

Question 5

Role of tRNA

Answer 5

Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 6

What is purine

Answer 6

Adenine and guanine. They have a double ring structure

Question 7

What is a pyrimidines

Answer 7

Thymine, cytosine, and uracil. They have a single ring structure

Question 8

DNA sugar

Answer 8

Deoxyribose

Question 9

DNA molecule size

Answer 9

Large

Question 10

DNA molecule amount

Answer 10

Few

Question 11

DNA where

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

RNA sugar

Answer 12

Ribose

Question 13

RNA molecule size

Answer 13

Small

Question 14

RNA molecule amount

Answer 14

Many

Question 15

RNA where

Answer 15

Nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 16

Nucleotide component

Answer 16

A sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base

Question 17

Chargaff’s rule

Answer 17

The number of purine bases equals the number of pyrimine bases

Question 18

Semi conservative replication

Answer 18

When a new strand of DNA contains one old strand and one new strand

Question 19

Helicase

Answer 19

The enzyme that unzips the DNA strand during replication

Question 20

RNA polymerase

Answer 20

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

Question 21

DNA polymerase

Answer 21

The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication

Question 22

What is a gene

Answer 22

Controls particular characteristics or capabilities of an organism. Located on the chromosome of the cell nucleus. 1000 DNA base pairs

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Question 24

Steps of transcription

Answer 24

1) DNA unzips
2) Along one strand of DNA complementary RNA bases are brought in
3) Adjacent RNA nucleotides form covalent bonds between sugar phosphate
4) RNA strand is released
5) Original DNA strand returns to normal

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

Translating the codons on mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a primary polypeptide structure

Question 26

Where is RNA made

Answer 26

The nucleolus

Question 27

Codon

Answer 27

3 letter unit of mRNA which codes for an amino acid

Question 28

Anti codon

Answer 28

Base sequence that is complementary to the codon; found on tRNA

Question 29

3 steps of translation

Answer 29

1) initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination

Question 30

3 types of mutagens

Answer 30

1) Chemical
2) Radiation
3) Viral

Question 31

Types of mutations

Answer 31

Gene mutations and chromosomal mutations

Question 32

Types of gene mutations

Answer 32

1) substitutions
2) addition
3) deletion

Question 33

Types of chromosomal mutations

Answer 33

1) Inversion
2) Translocation
3) Duplications
4) Deletion

Question 34

Strong DNA bonds

Answer 34

Sugar phosphate bonds

Question 35

A mutation causing agent which leads to the formation of cancer cells

Answer 35

Carcinogen

Question 36

A triplet sequence on tRNA

Answer 36

Anti codon

Question 37

Basic building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 37

Nucleotides

Question 38

Terminates polypeptide function

Answer 38

Stop codon

Question 39

A chromosomal mutation where pieces of different chromosomes are swapped

Answer 39

Translocation

Question 40

Anything that causes a mutation in DNA

Answer 40

Mutagen