Nervous System Vocab

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

Central nervous system includes brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

Peripheral nervous system the rest of the nervous system

Question 3

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

Important during emergency situation and is associated with fight or flight reaction

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Includes all the nerves that serve the musculoskeletal system and the exterior sense organs (contains receptors)

Question 5

Automatic nervous system

Answer 5

Each system functions automatically on internal organs and utilizes two motor neurons and one and ganglion for each nerve impulse

Question 6

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Promotes all the internal responses associated with a relaxed state

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Has lots of surface area pick up nerve impulse and conduct the impulse towards the cell body

Question 8

Cell body

Answer 8

Metabolic centre of the cell. Metabolic reactions occur here

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Conducts nerve pulses away from the cell body

Question 10

Myelin sheath

Answer 10

Made of lipids, wraps around the axon plus cell body to insulate it

Question 11

Schwann cell

Answer 11

Produces myelin sheath, has tightly packed spirals of cell membranes that form layers of the Myelin

Question 12

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 12

Gaps in the myelin , axon is not insulated here, allow more rapid nerve conduction along axon (saltatory transmission)

Question 13

Axon terminals

Answer 13

End of the axon, vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located here

Question 14

Presynaptic membrane

Answer 14

The membrane of the synaptic ending

Question 15

Post synaptic membrane

Answer 15

The membrane of the next neuron just beyond the axon synaptic membrane

Question 16

Enzymes

Answer 16

biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell

Question 17

Synaptic vesicles

Answer 17

Contain the Neurotransmitters. Contained near the surface of the synaptic endings

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Chemicals that transmit the nerve impulse across a synaptic cleft

Question 19

Synaptic cleft

Answer 19

The space between the pre-and the post membranes

Question 20

Receptors

Answer 20

organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.

Question 21

Excitatory transmitters

Answer 21

Make postsynaptic membrane more permeable to sodium

Question 22

Inhibitory transmitters

Answer 22

Make postsynaptic membrane less permeable to sodium

Question 23

Brainstem

Answer 23

Controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, reflex reactions like coughing, sneezing, hiccups, and vomiting

Question 24

Cerebellum

Answer 24

Controls balance and complex muscle movement, and muscle coordination and make sure skeletal muscle work together smoothly, responsible for maintaining normal muscle tone

Question 25

Thalamus

Answer 25

receives sensory information from all parts of the body and channels them to the cerebrum. Receives all sensory impulses

Question 26

Hypothalamus

Answer 26

Regulates homeostasis by maintaining internal environment. Has centres for hunger, thirst, body temp, blood volume.

Question 27

Corpus callosum

Answer 27

Horizontal connecting peace between the two hemispheres of the brain. Transmit impulses between the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

Cerebrum

Answer 28

Largest, most prominent, most highly developed portion of the brain. Intellect, learning, memory, and sensations are formed here

Question 29

Frontal lobe

Answer 29

Movement

Question 30

Parietal

Answer 30

Primary, touch, temperature, pressure, pain. Understanding speech,

Question 31

Temporal

Answer 31

Hearing, smelling, interpretation of experiences

Question 32

Occipital

Answer 32

Vision