Reproduction Flashcards
What type of reproduction do plants do?
Asexual
What type of reproduction do humans/animals do?
Sexual
Define reproduction?
Making of a new organism
What is a gamete?
Sex Cell
Give 5 properties of asexual reproduction?
- no gametes are involved
- produces clones genetically identical to parents
- only one parent is necessary
- only mitosis occurs
- produces no variation
Give 4 properties of sexual reproduction?
- uses gametes
- produces genetically unique offspring
- two parents are necessary
- mitosis and meiosis is involved
Name all 8 parts of a leaf?
Anther, Filament, Petal, Stigma, Style, Ovary, Sepal and Stem
Define pollination?
Transfer of pollen from another anther to stigma
Give all 4 properties of wind pollinated leave?
- filaments on outside
- stamens and stigma exposed (outside of petals)
- Petals are dull coloured and small
- No nectaries
Give all 4 properties of insect pollinated leave?
- Filaments, stigma and stamen are inside of the petals
- Petals are large and bright covered
- Stigma is sticky
- Contains nectaries
What is the process known as when a pollen fuses with the egg?
Fertilisation
What will the ovule become after fertilisation?
A seed
What does the ovary do after a seed is made?
Swells up becoming a fruit
Name the 3 properties of a seed?
- Ovule wall
- Zygote
- Large amounts of starch and protein
Name all the parts of the female reproductive system?
- Oviduct
- Ovary
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
Name all the parts of the male reproductive system?
- Bladder
- Testes
- Sperm Duct
- Penis
- Scrotum
- Seminal vesicle
- Urethra
What will the male produce in sexual intercourse?
Sperm
What does the word menstrual cycle mean?
Monthly
What occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation occurs, an egg is released
What happens if fertilisation doesn’t occur in the female?
Lining of the uterus is lost
What happens from day 0 - 5 in the menstrual cycle?
Lining breaks down
What happens from day 5 - 12 in the menstrual cycle?
Lining builds back up and an egg is released
What happens from day 12 - 21 in the menstrual cycle?
The lining is maintained
Name the hormones in a female for reproduction?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Oestrogen
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Progesterone
What does the Follicle stimulating hormone do and where is it made?
Pituitary gland –> makes eggs mature in the ovary
What does Oestrogen do and where is it made?
Ovary –> causes uterus lining to thicken
What does the Luteinising hormone do and where is it made?
Pituitary gland –> Causes egg to be released
What does Progesterone do and where is it made?
Ovary –> keeps the lining thick maintaining it
Name all the adaptation of the placenta? ( 4 points)
- A large surface area between it and the uterus wall.
- Villi which further increase the surface area of the
placenta. - A good blood supply.
- Thin wall for a short diffusion distance
Adaptations of sperm? (3 points)
- A tail to move them towards an egg cell.
- Many mitochondria to release energy for movement.
- Part of the tip of the head of the sperm releases enzymes
to digest the egg membrane to allow fertilisation to take
place.
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a Haploid cell have?
23 Chromosomes
How many cells are created by mitosis?
2 daughter cells
How do the daughter cells after mitosis compare to their parent cells?
They are genetically identical
How many chromosomes do the daughter cells have in mitosis?
46 chromosomes
What is mitosis used for?
Replacement, repair and growth
How many times does the parent cell divide in mitosis?
Once
What is the use of meiosis?
To produce sex cells
How many time do the parent cells divide in meiosis?
Twice
How do the daughter cells after meiosis compare to their parent cells?
Genetically unidentical
What cells does meiosis make?
Haploid cells
–> Sperm (Male gamete)
–> Egg (Female gamete)
–> Pollen
