reproduction Flashcards
how is the male reproductive system created?
@ 6 weeks, SRY on Y chromosome turns ON !!
- stimulates common gonad -> testes
(1) creates MIH => no (F) genitalia; Mullerian duct digresses
(2) testes creates testosterone => maturation of male genitalia; Wolffian duct develops into testis
list the components of testis?
seminiferous tubules: where sperm + fluid created
epididymus: where sperm stored and matured
vas deferens: where sperm expel upon ejaculation
fill in the blank for testosterone
type of hmn:
recep:
transportation:
precursor:
as steroid hmn, => hydrophobic
w/ intracellular recep
=> transport in blood, bound to protein
cholesterol precursor
describe spermatogenesis
using: secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa, spermatogonia, spermatid, secondary spermatocyte
whether meiosis or mitosis or spermiogenesis
hits in puberty due to < in testos
spermatogonia undergoes mitosis and creates primary spermatocyte + additional
primary spermatocyte replicates DNA, undergoes meiosis => splits into 2 secondary spermatocytes
undergoes meiosis, splits into 4 spermatids
since enough DNA, 4 spermatids undergoes spermiogenesis and creates 4 spermatozoa
role of Wollfian and Mullerian duct in female reproductive system
Mullerian duct becomes uterus
Wolffian duct REGRESSES
describe the negative feedback loop of men starting from hypothalamus
hypothalamus release GnRH -> stimulates the release of gonadotropin at the gonads: testes
FSH affects sertoli cells -> makes inhibin to support and regulate spermatogenesis
LH affects Leydig cells -> makes testosterone
paracrine signals to support Sertoli cells
In (-) fdbk loop, inhibin & testos inhibits the release of GnRH -> lowers FSH & LH
if the body want to create more estrogen and less estrogen, what to do? how?
(+): have high lvl of estrogen -> creates a (+) fdbk loop which raises the lvl of GnRH
(-): low lvl of estrogen creates a (-) fdbk loop -> inhibits the release of GnRH -> lowers FSH + LH
Bcs hypothalamus releases GnRH -> stimunlates the release of FSH & LH
what fluid does prostate gland vs bulbourethral gland vs seminal vesicle release?
release alkaline fluid to neutralize the acidic area of rthe vagina vs ….urethra vs provides a bulk of fluid, esp fructose-rich nutr for sperm
what flows through the utrethra?
sperm: sperm expelled from vas deferens upon ejactulation -> seminar vesicle ->\ ejaculatory duct -> prostate gland -> utrethra -> penis
urine: bladder -> same path -> urethra -> penis
compare the use of FSH & lH in male and female reproductive systems
M: LH affects leydig cells => makes testosterone
paracrine signal to support sertoli
FSH affects Sertoli cells
F:” Lh affects theca, make adrostenedione
shuttled to granulosa
FSH affects granulosa
describe testosterone lvl throughout lifetime
- rises during fertilization for sex determination
- peaks post birth to protect from infection + disease
- spikes @ puberty for spermatogenesis
- eventually declines @ andropause (fatigue, reduced fertility bt not lost, muscle mass)
primary follicle vs secondary follicle v s graffiian follicle in term of structure
primary follicle: primary oocyte / granulosa cells / zona pellucida
secondary follicle: the same w/ theca cells
graffian follicle: secondary oocyte / granulosa cells / zona pellucida / theca cellls
describe oogenesis: from primary oocyte to secondary to ovum to zygote
oogonia creates countless primaruy oocyte before birth (mitosis occurs)
in puberty, some progress to secondary oocyte and 1st polar body =? meiosis I occurs
secondary oocyte gets fertilized by sperm (meiosis II occurs)
splits into ovum and 2nd polar body
nuclei cells of sperm joins ovum > zygote
oogenesis vs spermatogenesis
(+) creates gamete with half DNA
(-) for oogenesis, no replenishment / 1 viable gamete vs 4 / do meiosis II if fertilized vs all the way
ddescribe follicugenesis, including ovulation and corpus luteum
primordial follicle: hasnt matured- respond to FSH and matured @ puberty
primary follicle: FSH stimulates to create 1 new cell type
secondary follicle: follicle creates 2nd new cell type
ovulation: ovum / uterine tube
corpus luteum: remaining cells, theca and granulosa, form corpus luteum and releases progesterone