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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which contains information to make proteins

A

DNA

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2
Q

What is the basis of evolution

A

Variation in reproduction is the basis for evolution

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Single parent
Identical offspring
No variation
Same number of chromosomes in gamete
Happens in unicellular and few plants

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4
Q

Organisms which reproduce via binary fission

A

Amoeba , paramecium

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5
Q

Mode of reproduction in Plasmodium

A

Multiple fission

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6
Q

Malarial parasite

A

Plasmodium ( protozoan)

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7
Q

Leishmania (parasitic protozoan) mode of reproduction

A

Binary fission

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8
Q

Who causes kala azar

A

Leishmania

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9
Q

Yeast mode of reproduction

A

Budding ( chain of buds )

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10
Q

Hydra

A

Budding

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11
Q

Budding

A

At a particular sire regeneration or multiple division takes place which leads to cyst formation. That cyst grows into offspring

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12
Q

Regeneration

A

When an organism is cut it forms a whole new organism from cut part. Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells .- divide in large numbers n some cells undergo differentiation.
**Regeneration is not equivalent to reproduction as in regeneration the organism has to be cut .

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13
Q

Planaria

A

Regeneration

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14
Q

Spirogyra

A

Fragmentation

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15
Q

Fragmentation

A

Organism on maturation breaks into smaller fragments which grow into new organisms

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16
Q

Bryophyllum

A

Natural Vegetative propagation ( leaves )

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17
Q

Ginger n turmeric

A

Natural vegetative propagation ( Stem )

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18
Q

Grass , runners , strawberry

A

Natural vegetative propagation ( stolon / runner )

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19
Q

Onion / Lilly

A

Bulbs ( natural vegetative propagation)

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20
Q

Artificial vegetative propagation method

A

Grafting
Layering
Cutting
Tissue culture of plants

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21
Q

Fission takes place in ( unicellular)

A

Protozoans and bacteria

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22
Q

Fragmentation takes place in ___ organisms

A

Multicellular

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23
Q

Budding n regeneration takes place in ___ celled organisms

A

Unicellular

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24
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

In plants
New plants grow from vegetative parts like stem , leaves , roots

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25
Q

Artificial vegetative propagation is used to produce

A

Rose , sugarcane , grapes , Jasmine , banana , orange ( who have lost capability to produce seeds ) n used to produce ornamental plants

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26
Q

What is tissue culture

A

Growing new plants by removing or seperating tissues from the growing tip of the plants .

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27
Q

Procedure of tissue culture

A

( hint-remove of seperate tissue from growing tip of the plant >artificial medium so that cell division can takes place>callous>medium with hormones to promote growth and cell differentiation>plantlets>plantlets>soil>new plant)

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28
Q

Advantage of tissue culture

A

Can grow from one parent
In a disease free environment

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29
Q

Where tissue culture is used

A

Ornamental plants

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30
Q

Advantages of Vegetative propagation

A
  1. Identical to the parent plant in terms of its characters
  2. Can bear fruits n flowers much early wrt plants grown from seed
  3. Can grow fruits which have lost the ability to produce seeds like rose Jasmine orange banana
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31
Q

Spore formation takes place in __celled organisms

A

Simple multicellular

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32
Q

Non reproductive part of rhizophus

A

Hyphae

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33
Q

Reproductive part of rhizophus

A

Blob called Sporangia

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34
Q

Mode of reproduction in rhizophus knwn as bread mould

A

Spore formation

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35
Q

Spores are covered with __

A

Thick protective layer which protects them until they come in contact with moist surface so that they can grow

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36
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

2 parents
Offspring not identical to parents due to variation
Gamete have half number of chromosomes
Seen in most multicellular plants n animals

37
Q

Male gamete

A

Sperm produced by testis ( motile )

38
Q

Female gamete

A

Ova or egg produced by ovaries ( non motile )

39
Q

Fertilization process development in humans

A

Gametes fuse to form > zygote>embryo>fetues>baby

40
Q

Puberty age for girls

A

10-14

41
Q

Puberty age for boys

A

12-16

42
Q

Y does sperm formation takes place outside the body

A

Testis present in scrotum sac outside the abdominal cavity to provide low temp wrt normal body temp for sperm production

43
Q

Male repro system procedure

A

Sperm ( from testis present in scrotum sac)> vas deference>urethra ( common passage for urine n sperm)

44
Q

Glands in male repro system

A
  1. Seminal vesicles
  2. Prostrate gland
45
Q

Fluids from prostrate n seminal vesicle helps in

A

Providing nutrition to sperm
Helps in providing motility

46
Q

Sperms are produced in testes where ? S

A

Seminiferous tubules

47
Q

Sperms mature in

A

Epididymes tissue

48
Q

Testosterone hormone produced by

A

Leydig cells or interstitial cells

49
Q

Leydig cells or interstitial cells are present in

A

Seminiferous tubules ( testis)

50
Q

Female germ cell mature when ?

A

When a girl is born it has immature germ cells ( eggs) . On puberty they become mature

51
Q

Each ovary produces how many eggs

A

One egg produced one month by one of the ovaries

52
Q

Fusion or fertiliization takes place

A

In oviduct or fallopian tube

53
Q

Embryo is embedded ( after fertiliization )

A

In uterus or womb where it develops into feutus

54
Q

Placenta

A

Provides nutrition for the growth of embryo or baby n expels waste produced by baby . On embryo side it has villi and on mother’s side it is richly supplied with blood ( blood spaces surrounding villi)- to provide larger surface area for exchange of O2 n glucose .

55
Q

Development of child inside mother takes

A

9 months

56
Q

Female reproductive organ

A

Ovaries> fallopian tube> uterus> cervix>vagina

57
Q

Zygote formed in

A

Fallopian tubes

58
Q

Where is placenta found

A

Embedded in uterine walls

59
Q

Villi in placenta help in

A

Increasing the surface area for exchange

60
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

On no fertilization the inner linings of the uterus breakdown through vagina every month

61
Q

Avg days of menstruation

A

2-8 days ( 4 days on average)

62
Q

Reproductive health deals with

A

-preventing unwanted pregnancies
-preventing STD

63
Q

Bacteria caused STD

A

Gnnorhea
Syphilis

64
Q

Virus causes STD

A

HIV
Aids
Wartz

65
Q

Preventive methods

A

1.barrier
2. Copper T
3. Surgical methods
4.Pills

66
Q

Barrier method

A

Condoms for male n females
Prevents unwanted pregnancies n upto an extent transmission of STD
No major side-effect

67
Q

Pills

A

They change the hormonal balance so that the egg is not produced n fertilization can’t occur
High side effects

68
Q

Copper T /loop

A

High side effects
Can lead to infection
Embedded in uterine walls

69
Q

Surgical methods

A

Vasectomy
Tubal ligation
Abortion
They will create blocks to avoid fertilisation
Prevents unwanted pregnancies

70
Q

Reproduction in plant takes place via

A

Pollination

71
Q

Pollinating agents

A

Air
Water
Wind
Insects
Animals

72
Q

Types of pollination

A

Self n cross

73
Q

Flowering plants which can bear seed are called Angio

A

Angiosperms

74
Q

In plants fertilization takes place in

A

Only Angiosperms

75
Q

Reproductive parts of plants

A

Stamen n Pistil

76
Q

Stamen contains

A

Anther and filament

77
Q

Male germ cell produced in plants where

A

Anther in stamen

78
Q

Female germ cells produced where in plants

A

Ovary ( contains many eggs or ovules )

79
Q

Female reproductive part of plant

A

Stigma( sticky)> Style > Ovary

80
Q

Pistil is also called as

A

Carpel

80
Q

Pistil is also called as

A

Carpel

80
Q

Pistil is also called as

A

Carpel ( present at centre of the flower )

81
Q

Function of petal

A
82
Q

Function of sepal

A
83
Q

What turns into a fruit or a plant

A

Seed ( result of fertilization)

84
Q

Unisexual plants exampls

A

Papaya
Watermelon

84
Q

Unisexual plants exampls

A

Papaya
Watermelon

85
Q

Bisexual plants example

A

Hibiscus
Mustard

Biology (8 decks)

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