Digestion Flashcards
Processes essential to maintain basic body functions n prevent wear n tear of body lif
Life processes
Life of earth depends on __ molecules
Carbon
Most common chemical reactions to break down molecules
Reduction and oxidation reaction
Nutrition process
Unicellular organisms exchange gases , food and removal of wastes through
Diffusion
Simple diffusion cannot meet the requirements of MULTICELLULAR organisms
As in multi org not all cells are in contact with air specialised organs required to carry out functions
We need nutrition for
Growth
Development
Synthesis of protein
Autotrophs use __ to obtain nutrition/ for photosynthesis
Inorganic CO2 n water
Autotrophs example
Green plants n few bacteria like Blue green algae
Heterotrophs use __ to break down the complex substances that they require for nutrition
Use bio catalysts like enzymes
Carbohydrates is stored in animals in the form of
Glycogen
Carbohydrates is stored in plants in the form of
Cellulose
Photosynthesis process
Absorption
Conversion n splitting
Reduction
In photosynthesis energy is created in the form of
Glucose ( carbohydrates)
2 major conditions for photosynthesis
Presence of cholorophyll n sunlight
Photosynthesis definition
Process through which green plants take in substances outside the body n process it n convert them into stored form
How much molecules of water n O2 is produced in photosynthesis
6
6co2+12H2O—>C6H12O6 +6O2+6H2O
The photosynthesis process needed to be done immediately
False
Ex- dessert plants they take up CO2 at night prepare the intermediate n carry out the processing next day
Stomata is present
Root,shoot n leaves
Photosynthesis site
Leaves
Exchange of gases takes place in plants through
Stem
Roots
Leaves
Opening and closing of stomatal pore done by
Guard cells
Stomatal pore open
Guard cells swell as water flows into them
Stomatal pore close
Guard cells shrink as water goes out of them
Guards cells help prevent
Transpiration
A plant leaf is boiled and put in alcohol n then iodine soln what is the colour of leaf
Blue
A plant leaf is boiled and put in alcohol n then iodine soln . This makes the leaf turn blue from green . What are we trying to identify
Presence of starch
A plant leaf is boiled and put in alcohol n then iodine soln . This makes the leaf turn blue from green . What are we trying to identify
Presence of starch
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) absorbs
CO2
Alcoholic KOH used for
Dehydrohalogenation
__ is an essential element used to synthesis proteins
Nitrogen
Other raw materials used by plant from soil (minp)
Water
Nitrogen
Iron
Phosphorous
Magnesium
Plants take in nitrogen in the form of
Inorganic nitrates or nitrites
Organic compounds prepared by bacteria from atmospheric nitrogen (like rizobium )
Form of nutrition in heterotrophs depends on
How the food can be obtained
Type n availability of the food
Organisms which break down food outside the body n then absorb
Saprophytic
Sapro examples
Fungi / bread mould
Yeast
Mushroom / agaricus
Organisms who take in whole food n break it down inside the body
Holozoic
What can be taken in and broken down depends on
Body design n functioning
What can be taken in and broken down depends on
Body design n functioning
Organisms deriving nutrition from other plants n animals Without Killing them
Parasitic
Parasitic examples
Leech
Ticks
Lice
Cascuta
Tape worms
Type of nutrition in Amer Bel
Parasitic
Amoeba uses __ to engulf food
Pseudopodia
Engulf of blood by amoeba process called e
Endocytosis
Pseudopodia is an extention of
Cell membrane
Engulf of food in paramecium done by
Cilia covers the whole body of paramecium
Paramecium is unicellular
In amoeba the food is broken down in __ n diffused in __
Food vacuoles
Cytoplasm
Pseudopodia is temporary
Alimentary canal or oesophagus extends to
Mouth to anus
Oesophagus made of which kind of cell
Squamous epithelium tissue
Salivary gland secretes
Salivary amylase
Salivary amylase breaks down
Complex starch into simple sugar
Which part shows peristaltic movement
Oesophagus
1 St enzyme to be mixed in food
Salivary amylase
Gastric glands in stomach secretes
HCL
Pepsin
Mucous
The food is mixed with saliva by
Muscular tongue
Peristaltic movement occur all across the __
Gut
Food pipe also called
Oesophagus
The __ helps in mixing food with digestive enzymes
Muscular walls of stomach
Function of pepsin
Protein digestive enzyme
Function of HCL
Activates pepsin
Function of mucous
Protects stomach walls from hcl
The exit of food from stomach is regulated by
Spinchter
Spinchter function
Releasing food in small amts so that digestion takes completely
Longest part of alimentary canal
Small intestine
Food from stomach is
Partially digested or incomplete digested
Cows have __ small intestine
Long small intestine due to cellulose
Tigers have __small intestine
Short or small
Site of complete digestion
Small intestine
Site for absorption
Large intestine
Small intestine receives secretion from
Liver n pancreas
Bile juice functions
Activates pancreatic enzymes
Basic in nature
So makes the acidic food from stomach basic so that pancreatic juices can act
**Breaks down fat gobules in small intestine to increase enzyme efficiency
Pancreas secrete
Trypsin
Lipase
Trypsin
Protein digestion
Lipase function
Breaks down emulsified fats
*** intestinal juices secreted by small intestine walls converts
Protein to amino acid
Complex carbs to glucose
Fatty acids to glycerol
Villi present in
Small intestine
***Villi helps in
Increasing the surface area for absorption
Richly supplied with blood vessels so take up the digested food to each cell for obtaining energy
Repair
**Building new tissues
Digested food is taken up by
Small intestine walls
Unabsorbed food goes to
Large intestine
Function of large intestine
Absorb more water
Exit of waste material regulated by
Anal spinchter
