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Cell Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Father of Cytology and founder of cell ?

A

Robert Hooke in cork

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2
Q

Who found Nucleus?

A

Robert Brown

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3
Q

2 organelles who have their own DNA and Ribosomes?

A

Mitochondria and plastids ( only in plants )

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4
Q

Who was purkinje ?

A

Founded protoplasm

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5
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Founded free living cells in pond water .

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6
Q

Founder of cell theory ?

A

Scheldien , Schwaan and Virchow

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7
Q

What is Cell theory ?

A
  1. All living organisms are made of cells
  2. Cells are structural and functional unit of life .
  3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells ( by Virchow )
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8
Q

Plasma membrane made of ?

A

Lipids and proteins ( phospho lipid bilayer )

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9
Q

Name one cell part which is fat soluble?

A

Plasma membrane or cell membrane

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10
Q

Transfer of materials across the semi permeable membrane takes place due to ?

A

Diffusion

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11
Q

Osmosis n reverse osmosis

A
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12
Q

Hypertonic , Hypotonic and isotonic solution

A
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13
Q

What shows that plams membrane is flexible?

A

Endocytosis in amoeba - pseudopodia

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14
Q

What is Endo osmosis

A
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15
Q

What is exo osmosis

A
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16
Q

Which organelle is filled with digestive juices?

A

Lysosome

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17
Q

Suicidal bag of cell

A
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18
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A
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19
Q

This organelle in animal cell have its own DNA n proteins or ribosomes ?

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

Which is a double layer organelle ?

A

Mitochondria ( has 2 layers - inner layer being deeply folded ) n outer layer being porous ).

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21
Q

Which layer in mitochondria helps is facilitating storage of ATP ?

A

Outer porous layer helps in increasing surface area in order to increase the ATP storage

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22
Q

Main site of ATP production in mitochondria?

A

Inner layer

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23
Q

Organelle which is long network of membrane bound tubules?

A

ER

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24
Q

Which organelle helps in transportation?

A

ER

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25
Q

Which part of ER or organelle responsible for Lipid production?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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26
Q

Which organelle helps to detoxify drugs ?

A

SER

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27
Q

Part of ER which produces protein?

A

Rough ER as it has Ribosomes on it .

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28
Q

Who found organelle Golgi apparatus?

A

Camillio Golgi

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29
Q

Which organelle helps in Lysosome production?

A

Golgi apparatus

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30
Q

Which organelle as Cistern like structure?

A

Golgi apparatus

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31
Q

Function of Golgi?

A

Storage
Package
Modifications
Transport
( Like Amazon )

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32
Q

Protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

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33
Q

Where r Ribosomes found ?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and sometimes scattered in cytoplasm

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34
Q

Storage function which organelle?

A

Vacuole

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35
Q

Vacuoles found in both plants and animals. True or false.

A

True , in plants we have one large vacuole and in animal cell we have small vacuoles

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36
Q

Plastids

A

Only in plants
Have their own DNA and Ribosomes
Diff plastids have specialised functions .
Store n produce pigments

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37
Q

Types of Plastids -

A
  1. Leucoplasts
  2. Chromoplasts
  3. Chloroplasts
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38
Q

Which plastid stores starch n protein ?

A

Leucoplasts ( white in colour)

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39
Q

Chromoplasts contains -

A

Yellow orange pigment . Store n produce carotenoids pigment.

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40
Q

Which plastid stores chlorophyll?

A

Chloroplasts

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41
Q

Cell wall is made of ?

A

Cellulose

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42
Q

Cell wall found in

A

Fungi
Plantae
Bacteria

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43
Q

What provides mechanical support or rigidity to plants ?

A

Cell wall

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44
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid
Tough
Has strength
Like an extra bodyguard in plant cell apart from cell membrane in plant cell.
Helps in preventing bursting of cell (cytolysis)

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45
Q

Plasmolysis ?

A

When living plant cell loses water ( via osmosis) - leading to shrinkage of cell contents away from the cell wall causes plasmolysis
Happens in hypertonic soln

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46
Q

Plasmolysis happens due to -

A

Osmosis

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47
Q

In plant cells vacuoles help in -

A

Storing cell sap > which help in provide Turbidity and Rigidity

48
Q

In amoeba vacuoles help in -

A

Food storage

49
Q

Brain of the cell -

A

Nucleus

50
Q

Nucleus is ___ layer

A

Double layered membrane
(Nuclear membrane n plasma membrane)

51
Q

Nucleus

A

Nucleus contains Chromatin ( when cell is not dividing ) > when cell divided it converts into chromosome.
Chromatin / chromosome contains DNA ( which contains Genes ) and protein ( RNA )

52
Q

Functional segments of DNA

A

Gene

53
Q

Nucleus function -

A

Brain of cell
Controls the functioning of cell
Helps in CELL DIVISION

54
Q

Which organisms don’t have nuclear membrane?

A

Virus
Bacteria

55
Q

Process of development of cell membrane known as -

A

BIOGENESIS

56
Q

Which organelle helps in the generation of plasma membrane or cell membrane?

A

ER ( produces lipid n proteins)

57
Q

Virus

A

Lack membrane n outside host they r non living n inside host they become parasitic n uses the hosts body to multiply n use its cell machinery

58
Q

Cell division takes place via -

A
  1. Mitosis
  2. Meisosis
59
Q

Mitosis

A

Done by somatic cells
Most cell division in the body done by this method
2 daughter cells formed
Identical daughter cell wrt parent
Same number of chromosomes
Only one division takes place

60
Q

Function of mitosis?

A

Help in cell repair and growth of tissues

61
Q

Meiosis

A

Takes place in reproductive organ
2 consecutive division takes place
4 new cells formed.
Half the number of chromosomes in new cell
New cell not identical

62
Q

Bacteria -

A

Has cytoplasm
No mitochondria

63
Q

Flaccid

A

Isotonic

64
Q

Turgid pressure

A

When the cell swells in Hypotonic soln it exerts pressure against the cell walls

65
Q

Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cell

A
66
Q

Nucleoid

A

It is present in prokaryotic cells as they don’t have a proper nuclear membrane.

67
Q

ER functions

A

Transport
Protein synthesis - RER
Lipid synthesis -SER
BIOGENESIS plasma membrane development mein help karta hai
**The digestive enzymes in Lysosome are made by RER .
Provides
Helps in providing cytoplasmic framework

68
Q

Which organelle produces digestive enzyme found in Lysosome?

A

RER

69
Q

Which organelle are double membrane bound

A

Mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplasts

70
Q

Non membranous organelle

A

Ribosomes , nucleoid, centrioles

71
Q

Antibiotic such as penicillium helps block -

A

Cell wall formation in bacteria

72
Q

A cell without cell wall

A

Protoplast

73
Q

Ascending order of cells based on size

A

1 mycoplasma (smallest)
2.bacteria
3.Human cell
4 . Ostrich egg ( largest )

74
Q

Fluidity of plasma membrane

A

Increases with increase in Unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane

75
Q

Function of centrosomes

A

Formation of spindle fibres

76
Q

Which helps in self replication process in chloroplasts

A

DNA

77
Q

Glycolipids in the plasma membrane present in

A

Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane n constitute 2% of the lipids of most plasma membrane .
These are minor membrane components

78
Q

CO2 and O2 crosses plasma membrane by ___

A

Passive diffusion

79
Q

In plant cells vacuoles help in

A

Membrane bound structure helps in storing and excreting them

80
Q

Which of the following is not correct abt organelles
1.they are found in multicellular organisms
2. They are small sized and mostly internal
3.They cordinate to produce cell .
4.Found in all eukaryotic cells

A

Incorrect is they are found in multicellular cells
Organelles are unique structure with different n specific functions
Unicellular eukaryotes have organelles too.
Organelles in unicellular are equivalent to organs in multi cellular

81
Q

Reason behind higher mutation rate and faster evolution in RNA virus

A

RNA relatively unstable than DNA

82
Q

Which organelle functions as passageway for intracellular transport and as a manufacturing surface

A

ER

83
Q

Which organelle is packaging area for molecules

A

Golgi apparatus

84
Q

One main requirement for osmosis is having __

A

A selectively permeable membrane

84
Q

One main requirement for osmosis is ?

A

Semi permeable membrane

85
Q

What is protoplasm

A

Nucleus+cytoplasm

86
Q

Which microscope is used to observe plasma membrane

A

Electron microscope

87
Q

__ is special case of diffusion

A

Osmosis

88
Q

In plants where cell wall is present

A

Outer most layer ( uske inner mein plasma membrane hai )

89
Q

Cell wall helps pr ent bursting of cell

A

In excess dilution of the external environment due to rigidity of the cell wall the cell won’t burst

90
Q

Turgid pressure during hypnotic situation helps to prevent ___

A

Cytolysis

91
Q

Chromosome/ chromatin made of

A

Dna n protein

92
Q

___ contains all the genetic info

A

Chromosomes

93
Q

___ plays an important role in cellular reproduction

A

Nucleus

94
Q

__ helps in determining the __ of cell by directing __

A

Nucleus helps
Form of cell
Directing the chemical activities of the cell

95
Q

What is nucleoid?

A

Nucleic acids in prokaryotic organisms due to lack of nuclear membrane

96
Q

Viruses lacks

A

Membrane ( no characteristics of life )

97
Q

Er structure

A

Long membrane bound tubules n vesicles

98
Q

Due to damage or disturbance in ___ lysosomes digests the whole cell - that’s y called suicidal bag

A

Cellular metabolism

99
Q

Waste disposal system of cell

A

Lysosomes

100
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Stacked layers in Matrix called stroma

101
Q

Vacuoles store

A

Solid n liquid contents

102
Q

Cell sap of the plant cell present in

A

Vacuoles

103
Q

Vacuoles provide __ n __ to plant cell

A

Turgidity n rigidity

104
Q

1 St time who discovered dead cells ( cork cells are dead )

A

Robert hooke

105
Q

1 St time who discovered living cells

A

Leewenheuk

106
Q

Who discovered structure of nervous system

A

Camilo Golgi

107
Q

Largest cell

A

Egg of ostrich

108
Q

Longest cell

A

Nerve cell

109
Q

Smallest cell in human body

A

Sperm

110
Q

Largest cell in human body

A

Female ovum

111
Q

Brain of the cell

A
112
Q

Protoplasm is ___ part of cell

A

Living

113
Q

Protein manufacturing site

A

Ribosomes / ER(RER )

114
Q

Vacuoles store

A

Amino acids
Sugars
Startch
Proteins

Biology (8 decks)

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