Reproduction Flashcards
what is a genome
the entire genetic material of an organism
why is studying the human genome important
-search for genes linked to certain diseases
-understanding and treatment of inherited disorders
-tracing past human migration
what type of allele causes cystic fibrosis
recessive allele
what type of allele causes polydactyly
dominant allele
define homozygous and heterozygous
homozygous = two of the same allele
heterozygous =two different alleles
what is a dominant allele
allele that is always expressed when present, even if there’s only one copy
what is a recessive allele
allele that needs to be expressed twice to be expressed (homozygous)
what are alleles
different forms of a gene
what is a gene
small section of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid sequence, to then make a specific protein which controls a characteristic
what is the structure of DNA
double helix
what are male and female gametes in flowering plants
male = pollen
female = ovule
what are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans
female = XX
male = XY
what is meiosis
cell division that produces 4 daughter cells (gametes), each with a single set of chromosomes (23) so when they fuse they create the full set (46)
what is the type of cell division involved in asexual reproduction
mitosis
what is the type of cell division involved in sexual reproduction
meiosis
