Cell Structure

Question 1

function and 2 adaptations of a root hair cell

Answer 1

Func: absorbs minerals and water from the soil

-long projection (increases surface area)
-lots of mitochondria (for energy by respiration for active transport of water and minerals)

Question 2

Function and 2 adaptations of palisade cell

Answer 2

Func: carries out photosynthesis

-lots of chloroplasts
-located at the top surface of the leaf (where light is most at)

Question 3

Function and 2 adaptations of sperm cell

Answer 3

Func: carries out fertilisation

-tail (to swim)
-lots of mitochondria (energy for swimming)

Question 4

Function and 2 adaptations of nerve cell

Answer 4

Func: sends motor commands to reply to change in stimulus

-branched endings (dendrites)
-myelin sheath insulates axon to increase transmission speed of electrical impulses

Question 5

Function and 3 adaptations of red blood cell

Answer 5

Func: carries oxygen from the lungs to all other parts of the body

-no nucleus
-contains red pigment called haemoglobin which binds with oxygen molecules
-has a bi-concave disc shape to improve surface area

Question 6

Difference between electron + light microscopes

Answer 6

electron:
-uses beams of electrons to see image
-cannot view living samples
-more expensive
-higher magnification and resolution

light:
-uses light to see image
-can view living samples
-less expensive
lower magnification and resolution

Question 7

what is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

single loop of DNA
-no nucleus

Question 8

function of ribosomes

Answer 8

protein synthesis

Question 9

function of chloroplasts

Answer 9

site of photosynthesis - contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy

Question 10

function of mitochondria

Answer 10

site of respiration, to release energy

Question 11

function of cell membrane

Answer 11

controls movement of substances in and out of cell

Question 12

what type of cell is bacteria

Answer 12

prokaryotic