Cell Division Flashcards
Two advantages and One disadvantage of using plant meristems to clone plants
Ad:
-rare species can be cloned to prevent extinction
-plants with desired characteristics (e.g. disease resistance) can be reproduced
Dis:
-No genetic variation, entire population can be destroyed by a single disease
what are plant meristems
areas of rapid cell division at tips of roots and shoots (plant stem cell)
Two advantages and Two disadvantages of embryonic stem cells
Ad:
-Able to differentiate into any type of cell, treats many diseases
-easy to obtain (spare embryos in fertility clinic)
Dis:
-ethical issues (potential life)
-potential risk with treatment, spread of viral diseases
One advantage and Two disadvantages of adult stem cells
Ad:
-fewer ethical issues, ability for consent
Dis:
-takes a long time for a suitable donor
-only differentiate into certain types of specialised cells - treats less diseases
Advantage of using therapeutic cloning
stem cells from embryo aren’t rejected when transplanted due to them having the same genes
definition of therapeutic cloning
patient’s cells are used to create an embryo clone of themselves - those stem cells can be used to treat patient’s medical conditions
what are adult stem cells and where can they be found
stem cells that can only differentiate into certain types of specialised cells
found in bone marrow
definition of stem cell
cell that can differentiate in to any other specialised cell
what happens during first stage of cell cycle
-cell growth
-chromosomes duplicate
-number of sub-cellular structures increase (e.g. ribosomes and mitochondria)
what happens during mitosis
one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of cell and then nucleus divides
what happens during final stage of cell cycle
cytoplasm and cell membrane divide, forming two identical daughter cells
what is mitosis and what is the purpose
body cells divide to form 2 identical daughter cells
growth + repair of cells, asexual reproduction
