Repro qbank

Question 1

Absence of distal small bowel with distal ileum seen winding around a thin vascular stalk

Answer 1

Apple peel atresia – usually due to SMA obstruction

Intestinal atresia distal to duodenum is due to vascular accidents in utero

Question 2

Causes of elevated AFP

Answer 2

1) Dating error

2) Neural tube defect

Question 3

Elevated hcG

Answer 3

Multiple gestation, hydatidiform mole, choriocharcinoma

Question 4

Down syndrome and triple test

Answer 4

AFP low
Estriol low
hCG high

Question 5

Edward syndrome (tri 18) triple test

Answer 5

All LOW!!

Question 6

MEN 1

Answer 6

Parathyroid tumor, pancreatic tumor, pituitary tumor

Diamond shape!

Question 7

MEN 2A

Answer 7

Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (parafollicular cells), pheochromocytoma, parathyroid tumor

Box shape with medullary carcinoma in middle

Question 8

MEN 2B

Answer 8

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (parafolicular), Pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuoroma (moutht stuff)

Triangle shape bc MEN2B would be men3 if it wasn’t b
3 edges to a triangle

Question 9

Failure of neural crest migration

Answer 9

Hirschsprung

Question 10

Define Ectopy

Answer 10

Functionally normal tissues/cells in abnormal location due to embryonic maldevelopment

(Meckel Diverticulum)

Question 11

Squatting and cyanosis when having Tet attack

Answer 11

Increase afterload- shifts more blood into lungs

Question 12

Cause of tet of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and transposition of great vessels

Answer 12

3 major cyanotic heart disease caused by abnormal migration of NEURAL CREST CELLS through primitive truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis

Question 13

Primary oocyte arrest at what stage?

Answer 13

Prophase of meiosis I

Question 14

Secondary oocyte arrest at what stage?

Answer 14

Metaphase II

Because they are ready “2 Meet” a sperm!

Question 15

What is Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

Answer 15

Marker of fetal lung maturity

Values above 1.9 indicate mature fetal lungs

Glucocorticoids have the greatest effect of increase surfactant production

Question 16

Fetal kidney development

Answer 16

Pronephros- 4th week, non fuctional and regresses

Mesenephros- 4th week, forms wolfian ducts in males and turns into male GU compotnents

MeTanephros- 5-6 weeks, forms a diverticulum called uretic bud that interacts with mesoderm to form metanephric vesciles (blestema) turns into collecting ducts, calices, renal pelvis, ureters, renal parenchyma

Question 17

Most common cause of fetal hydronephrosis

Answer 17

Inadequate recanalization of ureteropelvic junction

Question 18

Imperforate anus is associated with what

Answer 18

Isolated urogenital anomolies is most common- associated with GU malformations- urorectal, urovasical, urovaginal fistulas

Renal agenesis, hypospadia, epispadia, and bladder extrophy

VACTERL is less common

Question 19

When is hCG detected in maternal circulation

Answer 19

8 day after ovulation

Blastocyst begin secreting 6 days after ovulation, but you can only detect once it fully implants

Question 20

Neural Crest migration interruption during the last week of development (12)

Answer 20

Rectum is affected with Hirschsprung

NC migrate caudally (to tail) so rectum is always affected

Sigmoid colon is involved in 75% of cases

Question 21

Calcified cystic brain tumor

Answer 21

Most likely craniopharyngioma

Contains yellow, viscous fluid rich in cholesterol crystals

Derived from remnants of rathke’s pouch (evagination of the ectoderm that lines fetal oral cavity

Question 22

Vitelline ducts

Answer 22

Connect midgut lumen (ileum) with yolk sak in early embryo

Obliterated by week 7

Persistent vitelline duct- complete failure to close- meconium comes out of umbilicus

Meckel diverticulum- partial closure with patent potion attached to ileum

Vitelline sinus- partial closure with opening connected to umbilicus

Vitelline duct cyst- central part of vitelline duct remains- connected by fibrous band

Question 23

Caudal regression syndrome

Answer 23

Sacral agenesis cause lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence

Associated with poorly controlled Diabetes

Question 24

Epispadias

Answer 24

Abrnomal opening on dorsal urethra

Results from fault position of GENITAL TUBERCLE

Question 25

Cause of polyhydramnios

Answer 25

Increase fetal urination - High cardiac output due to anemia, twin twin transfusion

Decreased swallowing- Atresa of duodenum, esophagus, or intestine – Anencephaly (no swallowing center)

Question 26

Common cardial vein

Answer 26

Form Super Vena Cava

Question 27

Name for persistent yolk stalk

Answer 27

Vitelline duct

Question 28

Layers of Meckels diverticulum

Answer 28

True diverticulum - all 3 parts of the intestinal wall: mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis

Question 29

PhosphatidylCHOLINE

Answer 29

Lecithin

L/S ratio over 2 means lung is mature

Lecithin/ sphingomyelin ration

L and S equal until middle of 3rd trimester when type 2 pneumocytes begin secreting surfactant

lecithin concentration start increasing sharply at 30weeks while sphingomeylin level remain unchanged

Question 30

Embryologic origin of melanocyte

Answer 30

Neural Crest

Question 31

Aorta anterior and to the right of the pul artery

Answer 31

Transposition of the great arteries

Aortic arch should be posterior to the pulmonary artery

Question 32

Maxillary prominence fails to fuse with intermaxillary segment (medial nasal prominence)

Answer 32

cleft LIP

Question 33

Palatine process fail to fuse with one another or primary plate

Answer 33

cleft Palate

Question 34

Ureteric bud forms

Answer 34

Collecting tubles and ducts, major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, and ureters

Question 35

Metanephric blastema (mesoderm) forms..

Answer 35

glomeruli, boeman’s space, proximal tubules, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubles