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Step 1 Qbank > Immuno quiz > Flashcards

Immuno quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, ACE elevation, serum Ca elevation

A

Sarcoidosis

Non caseating granulomas

Sarcoid granules produce 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol and ACE

pulmonary sarcoidosis accumulate CD4 and high CD4/CD8 (over 2:1) on bronchoalveolar lavage

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2
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

CD8 cell bonchoalveolar lavage

Bird handling is a risk

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3
Q

Eosinophil action on parasites

A

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

IgE bind to parasite- Fc binds to eosinophil cell surface- causes eosinophil to release its proteins and enzymes to destroy parasite

Macrophages and NK cells also rely on antibody dependent cytotoxicity

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4
Q

Tuberculosis destruction

A

Cell mediated immune response

It is facultative intracellular organism that can survive and multiply within macrophages- CD4 activate the macrophages to form granulomas

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5
Q

Transplant rejection

A

Usually T cell mediated

HYperacute
Acute- some b cell can form
Chornic
Graft verses host disease

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6
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

LAD type one leads to defect in CD18 on phagocytes leads to impaired tight adhesion, crawling, and transmigration

Clinical: Recurrent skin infection W/O pus and delayed detatchment of umbilical cord, and poor wound healing

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7
Q

Inflammation

A

Passage of circulating inflammatory leukocytes into the inflamed tissue

1) Margination
2) rolling
3) Activation
4) Tight adhesion and crawling
5) Transmigration (Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 PECAM-1)

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8
Q

Ataxia telangiectasia symptoms

A

Immunodeficiency with repeated sinopulmonary infections

Sensitive to IONIZING radiation

Can’t repair DNA double strand breaks

Defect in ATM gene

Triad: Ataxia from cerebellar defect, spider angiomas, IgA deficiency

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9
Q

Racquet shaped intracytoplasmic granule

A

Birbeck granule in langerhan cells- skin dendritic cells

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10
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Monocytes located in liver

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11
Q

Meckel cells

A

neuroendocrine cells in the basal layer of epidermis that perceives touch

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12
Q

Cells in lymph node cortical follicle

A

B cells

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13
Q

Cells in lymph node paracortex

A

T cell and dendritic cells

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14
Q

Cells in lymph node medulary cord

A

B cell, plasma cell, macrophages

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15
Q

Cells in lymph node medulary sinus

A

Reticular cell and macrophage

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16
Q

Gram positive bacteria isolated from tonsilar exudates that have polar granules that stain deeply with aniline dies

A

Cornebacterium diptheriae

Contain metachromic granules that stain with aniline dyes (methylene blue)

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17
Q

Recurrent Neisseria infection

A

Inability to form Mebrane Attack Complex C5C9

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18
Q

Selective IgA defeciency

A

Recurrent GI and sinopulmunary infections
including sinusitis bronnchitis, otitis media, and pneumonias

Assosiated with anaphylactic response to transfused blood products due to immune response against IgA– anaphylaxis after transfusion

Asymptomatic (majority)
Airway and GI
Anaphylaxis to IgA

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19
Q

Candida defense mechanism

A

Local infection- Tcells (Th cells)

Disseminated infection
Neutropenia

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20
Q

Apoptosis process

A

Initiation phase- protein hydrolizing caspases and activated

Execution phase- caspases bring about death by cleaving cellular proteins and activating DNAses

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21
Q

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic apoptosis

A

Intrinsic- mitochondria become permeable and pro-apoptotic substance are released into the cytoplasm

Extrinsic- engagement of death receptor on cell surface

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR1) and Fas (CD95) and form binding site for death domain containin adapter protien FADD
leads to caspase activation

22
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

Cant see, cant pee, cant climb a tree
Conjuctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

Preceeded by GU infection (Chlamydia infection), Enteritis: Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, C diff

Associated with HLA-B27- Which is also associated w/ anklylosing spondylitis

23
Q

HLA B27

A 
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reactive arthritis- after chlamydia or GI disease
24
Q

HLA class 1 vs 2

A

Class 1- A,B,C

Class 2- DR, DP, DQ

25
Q

HLA DR4-

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

There is 4 walls in a “Rheum”

26
Q

Interferon Class 1 vs 2

A

Class 1 – alpha, beta - causes neighboring cells to reduce protein synthesis and degrade mRNA when virus infects it

Class 2- gamma- leads to activation of Th1 differentiation and increase intracelluar killing of macrophages

27
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A 
WATER
Wiskott
Aldrich
Thombocytopenia
Eczema
Recurrent infections

Defect in both T and B cells
more infection by encapsulated and opportunistic (Pneumocystis jiroveci and herpesviridae)

Treat with bone marrow transplant

28
Q

Chediak Higashi

A

Messed up lysosomal trafficking regulation- cant fuse lysosome with phagosome

Oculocutaneous albinism, peripheral neuropathy, and immunodeficient fusion of lysosome and phagosome

29
Q

DiHydroRhodamine flow cytometry absence of green color

A

NADPH oxidase deficiency
Chronic granulomatous disease
Impaired intracellular killing

Old test was Nitroblue tetrazolium
abscence of blue color means deficiency

30
Q

Urushiol

A

allergenic substance produced by Poison Ivy

Type 4, CD8 T-cell mediated allergy

31
Q

Affinity maturation

A

Bcell only

when they are exposed to antigen, only high affinity binding Bcells survive

32
Q

T cell Negative selection

A

Occur in medulla- cells that bind thymic medullary epithelial and dendritic cells too strongly are destroyed

33
Q

T cell Positive selection

A

Occur in cortex of thymus

Double positive cells (CD4 and CD8) that cannot bind to thymic cortical epithelial cell self MHC apoptose

34
Q

Absent thymic shadow

A

SVID vs DiGeorge

SVID- severe bacterial and viral infection during infancy, mucocutaenous candida, persistent diarrhea, Failure to thrive

DiGeorge
Cardiac defect
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft lips
Hypocalcemia
35
Q

Henoch-Schonlein pupura

A

Palpable skin lesion with abdominal pain, arthralgia, and renal involvement

Deposition of IgA immune complex on blood vessels and renal mesangium activates complement and leads to inflammation

Leukoclastic vasculitis

36
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Fever chills, hypotention, dyspnea, chestpain and or back pain, hemoglobinuria

Occure minutes to hr after blood transfusion

37
Q

Acute serum sickness

A

Tissue deposit of circulating immune complex (due to administration of chimeric monoclonal antibodies- rituxumab and infliximab —- or non human immunoglobulins- venom antitoxins) Also associated with penicillin, cefaclor, and bactrim

Clinical- fever, pruritic skin rash, arthralgia and low C3 C4

Lead to decreased C3 levels because complement consumption

38
Q

Mono infection

A

Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood smears- Activated CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are larger than quiescent lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm, eccentrically placed nuclease, and cell membrane that conform the boarder of neighboring cells

These destroy infected B cells

39
Q

CD14

A

Monocyte and macrophage- receptor for lipopolysaccaride – binding results in activation

40
Q

Leukocyte adhesion process

A

1) rolling - selectins
2) firm adhesion and migration- integrins

Abscence of CD18 (needed for integrins)

41
Q

Myloperoxidase deficiency

A

Both catalase and non catalase bacteria survivie

Macrophage can convert H2O2 to ClO

42
Q

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

Part of lupus
Can give false postive RPR for mono by reacting with cardiolipin
Has prolonged aPTT but actually is hypercoagulatable
Has recurrent miscarriages

43
Q

Omalizumab

A

Antibody against IgE

Help with Asthma

44
Q

Chemotactic molecule

A

IL-8
neutrophil chemotaxis

“Clean up on aIsLe 8”

Others include- leukotriene b4, 5-HETE (leukotriene precursor), complement C5a

45
Q

IL-10

A

Anti inflammatory cytokine

Produced by Th2 and macrophages to reduce Th1 stuff (IL2, IL3, TNFa)

46
Q

Leukotriene

A

Intense vasoconstriction, increase vascular permeability, bronchospasms

47
Q

Interferon a, b, gamma

A

GAMMA SIGNALS MACROPHAGE KILLING

A and B are antiviral

48
Q

E.Coli UTI virulence factor

A

P fimbriae- allow adhesion to uroepithelium

49
Q

Endrophonium

A

Reversible anticholinesterase inhibitor

Can reverse symptoms of Myasthenia gravis

50
Q

IL-2

A

T cell activation and proliferation
Inc NK cell and macrophage activation
Bcell growth

Step 1 Qbank (5 decks)

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