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Step 1 Qbank > Micro- that moment when the answer is at the tip of your tongue but you're like shit i dont know it > Flashcards

Micro- that moment when the answer is at the tip of your tongue but you're like shit i dont know it Flashcards

1
Q

Germ Tube

A

Candida

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2
Q

Cold agglutinin

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

leads to anemia during infection

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3
Q

Hartnup disease

A

Tryptophan malabsorption leads to pellagra (niacin B3 deficiency) 3D dementia diarrhea, dermatitis

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4
Q

Only pathological fungus with polysaccharides capsule

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Red polysaccharides capsule on mucicarmine
Clear unstained zone on india ink

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5
Q

First line treatment for Toxoplasma gondii

A

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

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6
Q

Focal brain lesion in HIV pt MRI

2 most common cause

A 
Toxoplasma gondii
Primary lymphoma (usually B cell lymphoma w/ EBV)

less common- primary gliobastoma multiforme, metastatic carcinoma, abscess (cryptococcus neo, tuberculosis)

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7
Q

Maternal rubella

A

polyarthralgia after infection

-also has rash, fever, post auricular lympadenopathy

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8
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Chancroid

PAINFUL initial lesion
Multiple and deep ulcers
Base may have gray to yellow exudate
Organisms often clump in long parallel strands (school of fish)

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9
Q

Non painful initial genital lesion

A

Syphilis
Kebsiella inguinale (granuloma inguinale – donovan bodies (intracytoplasmic cysts)
Chlamydia trachomatis– lymphogranuloma venereum- buboes

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10
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis L1-L3

Initial lesion is NOT painful
Followed by swollen painful inguinal nodes that coalesce, ulcerate, and rupture
Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusion bodies
Lymph node eventually develop stellate abscesses and start draining

Treat with doxycycline

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11
Q

Alchohol and Chlorhexidine cleaning mechanism

A

Both Disrupt cell membrane

Alcohol denature protien
Chlorhexidine coagulates the cytoplasm

Neither destroy spores

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12
Q

Iodine disinfectant mechanism

A

Halogenation of protein and nucleic acid

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13
Q

Post Herpetic Neuralgia

A

Dermatomal pain that persists for >1 month after a zoster eruption

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14
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease diagnostic tests

A

Measure neutrophil superoxide production

DHR flow cytometry (dihydrorhodamine)
Nitroblue tetrazolium test

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15
Q

Catalase positive organisms

A

Staph
Nocardia

Aspergillus
Burkholderia
Serratia

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16
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell pt

A

1 Salmonella

2 E.coli

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17
Q

Erythema infectiosum

A

Parvovirus

ONLY SINGLE STRANDED DNA VIRUS

Also cause Fetal hydrops and aplastic anemia

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18
Q

Another way to say “antitoxin”

A

Passive immunization with the Antibodies!!

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19
Q

Ether mechanism of disinfection

A

Dissolve lipid bilayer of virus

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20
Q

Dark Urine and Facial puffiness preceded by minor infection

A

Group A betahemolyitic strep

Strep pyogenes

Glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

Selective culture

A

Grows Neisseria gonorrhoeae by inhibiting other orgnaisms

Thayer Martin VCN (vanc/colistin/nystatin)

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22
Q

CMV cellular receptor

A

Cellular integrins

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23
Q

Rabies cellular receptor

A

Acetylcholine receptors

Present with agitation, disorientation, pharyngospasm, photophobia leading to coma and death
Hypersalivation
Preceded by flue like prodrome

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24
Q

Nikolsky sign

A

skin slipping off with gentle pressure

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25
Q

Malassezia furfur

A

Tinea Versicolor

Spaghetti and meatball appearance histology

26
Q

Widened mediastinum with medusa head colonies

A

Bacillus anthrax- pulmonary
Woolsorter disease

only bacteria with polypeptide caspule!!!- Dglutamate

27
Q

Pathogenicity of Shigella

A

Cell invasion

28
Q

Pesudoappendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia infects lymph nodes and enlarge causing inflammation

29
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Sporo”pricks”
dimorphic fungi associated with rose thorn prick

Pustules, ulcers, and subcutaenous nodules along lympathics

30
Q

Trophozoites and cysts

A

Giadia lambia

fatty foul smelling diarrhea

31
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Intestinal infection causing vomiting diarrhea and epigrastic pain

Strongyloides penatrate skin and can be diagnosed with rhabditiform (noninfectious) larvae in stool

Strongyloides also migrate to lungs so it can deposit egg in GI tract- can have pulmonary disease

Treat with ivermectin

32
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

PINWORM
treat with bendazole because its bendy

Scotch tape test

NIght time butt itch

33
Q

Proglottids

A

Multiple segments of flatworms

Taenia solium, T saginata, Diphyllobrothrium latum

34
Q

Diphylloborthrium latum

A

Ingest larvae from raw freshwater fish

Get megaloblastic anemia bc it competes for B12

35
Q

Abscence of deep tendon reflex preceeded by diarrhea

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Guillian Barre Syndrome

36
Q

Has a viral protease that cuts its polycystronic peptide into monocystronic

37
Q

Anemia after minor infection in a sickle cell patients

Reticulocyte count not elevated

A

Parvovirus!!

Single stranded DNA virus

38
Q

Aseptic meningitis

A

Enterovirus’s aka
Picornovirus

Coxsackie, echovirus, poliovirus, enterovirus

39
Q

Aids patient with meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neofromans

40
Q

Shigella binding site

A

M cells in peyer patch

Invasion =pathogenicity

41
Q

Diarrhea infection with small innoculum

A

Shigella 10
Campylobacter 500
Entamoeba histolytica 1
Giadia lamblia 1

42
Q

Parvovirus

A

Slapped cheek followed by reticular (lace like) rash

43
Q

Listeria meningitis

A

Affects immunocompromised people

0-6 babies
>60 old people
People with transplant and on immunosuppression

44
Q

Tumbling motility gram positive rod

A

Listeria!!!!

Can grow at 4C (cold enrichment)

45
Q

-floxacine

Fluroquinolone method of action

A

Inhibit topoisomerase

Cant reduce positive coil!!

46
Q

Purpose of conjugated vaccination

A

Increase immunogenicity by increasing (IgM to IgG) class switch with T cell activation

47
Q

Stool microscopy of Vibrio cholera

A

Mucous and some epithelial cells

V cholera and ETEC do not invade mucosa and does not cause cell death so there are no leukocytes or erythrocytes

48
Q

Empiric Staph treatment

A

Vancomycin with or without rifampin or gentamycin

49
Q

Most common viral cause of acute hemorragic cystitis in children

A

Adenovirus

50
Q

Colonizing aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus grows inside cavity forming a “fungus ball”

51
Q

Most common cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia after URI

A

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureaus, H influenzae

52
Q

CMV infection in immunoCOMPETENT host

A

Mono like sypmtoms

fever,malaise,myalgia, atypical lymphocytosis and elevated liver transaminiases

53
Q

GBS vs Botulism

A

Botulism - descending weakness and involvement of ocular muscles

GBS- ascending weakness following bloody diarrhea (absent DTR)

54
Q

Brucella infection

A

Unpasteurized dairy

55
Q

Pink on MacConkey agar

A

Ferments lactose

56
Q

E.coli meningitis virulence factor

A

KI capsular antigen

57
Q

Meningitis pathogens have this

A

MOST HAVE Capsules

58
Q

Verotoxin

A

Shiga like toxin from EHEC

59
Q

Staph virulence factor

A

Protein A- bind to Fc region of antibodies
Part of the peptidoglycan layer

Hemolysin - excreted
Destroyes RBC, neutrophils, macrophages, and platelets

Super antigen- excreted, binds to outside of MHC class 2 and T cell receptor

60
Q

IgA cleaving antibodies

A

Strep pneumo and N gonorrheae

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