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Repro > Repro Pharmacology > Flashcards

Repro Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Theoretical efficacy vs. actual efficacy with contraceptive use:

A

Theoretical efficacy is the effectiveness of contraception if used perfectly
Actual efficacy is the typical use of contraception that involves human error and other factors

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2
Q

A “combined oral contraceptive” means that it contains _ + _

A

A “combined oral contraceptive” means that it contains synthetic estrogen + synthetic progesterone

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3
Q

Of the following, synthetic estrogen helps to prevent (maturation/ ovulation/ fertilization/ implantation)

A

Of the following, synthetic estrogen helps to prevent maturation and ovulation
* Via negative feedback on GnRH release and LH/FSH release

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4
Q

Of the following, synthetic progesterone helps to prevent (maturation/ ovulation/ fertilization/ implantation)

A

Of the following, synthetic progesterone helps to prevent ovulation, fertilization, implantation

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5
Q

Extended cycle combined OCP means _

A

Extended cycle combined OCP means 3 cycles skipping 2 menses

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6
Q

Estrogen containing OCPs are contraindicated for patients with…

A

Estrogen containing OCPs are contraindicated for patients with…
* Thromboembolic disorders
* History of CAD
* History of stroke
* History of breast or liver cancer
* HTN
* Smoker > 35 years
* Age > 45
* Gallbladder disease

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7
Q

Estrogens promote the expression of clotting proteins like _ and inhibit the expression of anti-clotting proteins like _

A

Estrogens promote the expression of clotting proteins like fibrinogen, VII, X and inhibit the expression of anti-clotting proteins like anti-thrombin

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8
Q

Estrogens and progestins can promote the growth of _ and _ cancers

A

Estrogens and progestins can promote the growth of breast and liver cancers

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9
Q

Emergency contraception like Plan B uses _ to delay ovulation

A

Emergency contraception like Plan B uses progestin to delay ovulation

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10
Q

Emergency contraception like Plan B is most effective if taken during _ phase of menstrual cycle

A

Emergency contraception like Plan B is most effective if taken during pre-ovulatory phase because it works to prevent implantation

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11
Q

Leuprolide and _ are both GnRH analogs

A

Leuprolide and Goserelin are both GnRH analogs

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12
Q

Goserelin and Leuprolide can have two different function depending on how they are administered; explain

A

If given in pulsatile manner: function as GnRH agonists
If given continuously: function as GnRH antagonists because of downregulation of pituitary receptors

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13
Q

Leuprolide drug target is found in the _

A

Leuprolide drug target is found in the anterior pituitary (GnRH receptors)

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14
Q

Name some clinical uses of leuprolide:

A

Name some clinical uses of leuprolide: leuprolide is used in lieu of GnRH
* Uterine fibroids
* Endometriosis
* Precocious puberty
* Prostate cancer
* Infertility

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15
Q

Degarelix has _ mechanism of action

A

Degarelix is a GnRH antagonist
* Used for prostate cancer

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16
Q

Adverse effects of degarelix include:

A

Adverse effects of degarelix include:
hot flashes, liver toxicity

17
Q

MOA of ethinyl estradiol

A

Ethinyl estradiol binds estrogen receptors
* Used for hormone replacement therapy, in OCPs, etc

18
Q

Clomiphene MOA

A

Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator; it acts as an antagonist at estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus –> prevents normal feedback inhibition –> increases release of LH, FSH –> stimulates ovulation

19
Q

Clomiphene is used to treat _

A

Clomiphene is used to treat anovulation (ie PCOS) –> stimulates ovulation

20
Q

Clomiphene acts on target receptors in the _

A

Clomiphene acts on target receptors in the hypothalamus
* Antagonist of estrogen receptors in hypothalamus

21
Q

_ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that acts as an estrogen antagonist at the breast but agonist at the uterus

A

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that acts as an estrogen antagonist at the breast but agonist at the uterus
* Used to treat ER/PR positive breast cancer

22
Q

Anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane are all _ type drugs

A

Anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane are all aromatase inhibitors

23
Q

Anastrozole clinical use is treatment of _

A

Anastrozole clinical use is treatment of ER+ breast cancer
* Prevents the peripheral conversion of androgens –> estrogen

24
Q

_ drugs thicken cervical mucus

A

Progestins thicken cervical mucus

25
Q

Norethindrone is a _ type drug

A

Norethindrone is a progestin

26
Q

Ulipristal is a _ type drug

A

Ulipristal is a antiprogestin

27
Q

Megestrol is a _ type drug

A

Megestrol is a progestin

28
Q

Mifepristone is a _ type drug

A

Mifepristone is a antiprogestin

29
Q

Ulipristal is used for _

A

Ulipristal is used for emergency contraception

30
Q

Mifepristone (with misoprostol) can be used for _

A

Mifepristone (with misoprostol) can be used for termination of pregnancy

31
Q

How do combined OCPs work?

A

Combined OCPs –> inhibit LH/FSH –> prevent estrogen surge –> no LH surge –> no ovulation

32
Q

_ cause thickening of cervical mucus, limiting access of sperm to the uterus

A

Progestins cause thickening of cervical mucus, limiting access of sperm to the uterus
* Progestins also make the endometrium less suitable to implantation

33
Q

How do copper IUDs work?

A

Copper IUDs produce local inflammatory reaction that is toxic to sperm and ova, preventing fertilization and implantation

34
Q

_ is the most effective emergency contraception

A

Copper IUD is the most effective emergency contraception

35
Q

Adverse effects of copper IUD

A

Copper IUD adverse effects:
* Heavy, long periods
* Dysmenorrhea
* Risk of PID

36
Q

Danazol MOA

A

Danazol is a synthetic androgen that acts as partial agonist at androgen receptors
* Can be used to treat endometriosis

37
Q

Finasteride MOA

A

Finasteride is a 5a-reductase inhibitor
* Decreases testosterone –> DHT
* Used for BPH and male pattern baldness

38
Q

Finasteride side effects:

A

Finasteride side effects:
* Gynecomastia
* Sexual dysfunction

39
Q

Flutamide MOA

A

Flutamide is a non-steroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptors
* Used for prostate cancer

Repro (9 decks)

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