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repro > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

A primordial follicle is composed of _

A

A primordial follicle is composed of a primary oocyte surrounded by flattened granulosa cells

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2
Q

Follicles are arrested at _

A

Follicles are arrested at prophase I of meiosis
* They remain dormant for years and will decrease in number with age

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3
Q

A primary follicle is _

A

A primary follicle is primary oocyte surrounded by cuboidal granulosa cells
* Also is arrested at prophase I of meiosis

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4
Q

A secondary follicle is _

A

A secondary follicle is a primary oocyte surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells

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5
Q

A _ follicle has a developed outer layer of theca cells

A

A secondary follicle has a developed outer layer of theca cells

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6
Q

_ follicles become receptive to FSH

A

Secondary follicles become receptive to FSH

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7
Q

_ follicles acquire a blood supply

A

Secondary follicles acquire a blood supply

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8
Q

What is the structure?

A

A primary follicle with primary oocyte
* Hint: no antrum can be seen

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9
Q

A _ follicle is a primary oocyte surrounded by even more granulosa cells that is responsive to FSH

A

A tertiary follicle is a primary oocyte surrounded by even more granulosa cells that is responsive to FSH
* Also called Graafian or mature follicle

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10
Q

What is the following structure?

A

Ovulating follicle
* Appears like a large bulge at the edge of ovary
* Oocyte is suspended by only a thin stalk of granulosa cells
* After meiotic division we get a “secondary oocyte”

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11
Q

The _ is a “yellow body” or empty follicle that remains after ovulation

A

The corpus luteum is a “yellow body” or empty follicle that remains after ovulation
* It is a richly vascularized temporary endocrine gland

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12
Q

The corpus luteum is dependent on _ hormone

A

The corpus luteum is dependent on LH

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13
Q

Lutein cells are responsible for production of _ and _

A

Lutein cells are responsible for production of progesterone and estrogen (small amounts)
* Granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells are cells of the corpus luteum that are derived from the follicle’s granulosa and theca cells

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14
Q

_ is a degenerated corpus luteum that generates a scar like structure

A

Corpus albicans is a degenerated corpus luteum that generates a scar like structure

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15
Q

What do these cells secrete?

A

Steroid hormones
* We can see a white ring around the cell which indicates lots of smooth ER
* Lots of smooth ER means we are either in liver (detox) or a site of steroid production

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16
Q

Follicles that are not selected for ovulation are arrested in _ stage –>
The ovulating follicle reaches _ stage by the time of oocyte release –>
The oocyte completes meiosis in the _

A

Follicles that are not selected for ovulation are arrested in interphase I stage –>
The ovulating follicle reaches metaphase II stage by the time of oocyte release –>
The oocyte completes meiosis in the ampulla

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17
Q

We have _ and _ cells to help aid the egg to get fertilized in the ampulla and implanted into the uterus

A

We have peg cells and ciliated cells to help aid the egg to get fertilized in the ampulla and implanted into the uterus

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18
Q

Peg cells function to secrete _

A

Peg cells function to secrete nutrient-rich medium to nourish the spermatozoa
* Helps the preimplantation embryo
* Peg cells also release cytokines that aid in capacitation of spermatozoa

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19
Q

Peg cells release cytokines which are important for _

A

Peg cells release cytokines which are important for capacitation of spermatozoa

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20
Q

Meisosis continues at metaphase II –> completion at _

A

Meisosis continues at metaphase II –> completion at fertilization, in the ampulla –> results in ovum and second polar body

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21
Q

_ type arteries and _ glands are predominant in the proliferative phase

A

Straight arteries and simple tubular glands are predominant in the proliferative phase

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22
Q

_ type arteries and _ glands are predominant in the secretory phase

A

Coiled arteries and coiled glands are predominant in the secretory phase

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23
Q

During the secretory phase, coiled glands are secreting _

A

During the secretory phase, coiled glands are secreting glycoprotein

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24
Q

What hormone influences this region of the uterus?

A

Oxytocin influences the myometrium

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25
Q

This region is called the _

A

This region is called the squamocolumnar junction
* This is the most common location for cervical squamous cell carcinoma

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26
Q

The vagina is lined by _ type cells

A

The vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

What stimulates the following cells?

A

LH stimulates leydig cells

28
Q

Which cell is haploid with 1C DNA?

A

3

29
Q

What is the function of this cell?

A

Sertoli cell forms the blood-testis barrier
(only can see the nucleus here)

30
Q

Two cells are seen here which secrete _

A

Two cells are seen here which secrete testosterone

31
Q

Explain the pathway of sperm

A

“SEVEN UP”
Seminiferous tubules (testis) –>
Epididymis (above testis) –>
Vas deferens –>
Ejaculatory duct –>
Nothing
Urethra –>
Penis?

32
Q

Explain the pathway in which sperm is made in seminiferous tubules –> storage in the epididymus

A

Tubuli recti –>
Rete testis –>
Efferent ductules

33
Q

_ cells are found lining the seminiferous tubules

A

Sertoli cells are found lining the seminiferous tubules (only nucleus can be seen)
* Forming blood-testis barrier
* Supporting developing spermatozoa

34
Q

As we move from basement membrane –> lumen of the seminiferous tubule, the sperm cells become more (mature/ immature)

A

As we move from basement membrane –> lumen of the seminiferous tubule, the sperm cells become more mature

35
Q

Name the stages of male germ cell development

A

Spermatogonium –>
Primary spermatocyte –>
Secondary spermatocyte –>
Spermatid –>
Mature spermatozoon

36
Q

Name the ploidy and number of chromatids for each sperm cell stage

A

Spermatogonium (2N, 2C) –>
Primary spermatocyte (2N, 4C) –>
Secondary spermatocyte (1N, 2C) –>
Spermatid (1N, 1C) –>
Mature spermatozoon (1N, 1C)

37
Q

Name (4) functions of sertoli cells

A
  1. Support, protect, nourish spermatogenic cells
  2. Phagocytose excess cytoplasm discarded by maturing spermatids
  3. Secretion fructose, ABP, inhibin, antimullerian
  4. Formation of blood-testis barrier
38
Q

_ stimulates sertoli cells

A

FSH stimulates sertoli cells

39
Q

Sertoli cells secrete fructose for _

A

Sertoli cells secrete fructose for nourishment of spermatogenic cells

40
Q

Sertoli cells secrete _ to maintain/ “hold onto” testosterone

A

Sertoli cells secrete androgen-binding protein to maintain/ “hold onto” testosterone

41
Q

Sertoli cells secrete _ to inhibit FSH

A

Sertoli cells secrete inhibin to inhibit FSH

42
Q

Sertoli cells secrete _ for body hair, shape, etc

A

Sertoli cells secrete antimullerian hormone for body hair, shape, etc

43
Q

_ cells connect to one another via tight junctions to form the blood-testis barrier to protect sperm cells from autoimmune reactions

A

Sertoli cells connect to one another via tight junctions to form the blood-testis barrier to protect sperm cells from autoimmune reactions

44
Q

_ cells are the interstitial cells found between the seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig cells are the interstitial cells found between the seminiferous tubules

45
Q

Leydig cells secrete testosterone into the blood; therefore their structure includes:

A

Leydig cells secrete testosterone into the blood; therefore their structure includes:
* Lipid droplets
* Lots of smooth ER
* Mitochondria with tubulovesical cristae

46
Q

Leydig cells contain rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions called _

A

Leydig cells contain rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions called Reinke crystals

47
Q

The _ at the head of the sperm contains proteolytic enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the outer layers of the egg at fertilization

A

The acrosome at the head of the sperm contains proteolytic enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the outer layers of the egg at fertilization

48
Q

The structure of the epididymus is a _

A

The structure of the epididymus is a long convoluted tube with pseudostratified epithelium

49
Q

_ is the site of storage and maturation of the sperm; where they become motile

A

Epididymus is the site of storage and maturation of the sperm; where they become motile

50
Q

The _ secretes a substance that inhibits capacitation (final maturation stage occurring in fallopian tube)

A

The epididymus secretes a substance that inhibits capacitation (final maturation stage occurring in fallopian tube)

51
Q

The ductus (vas) deferens is a structure made of pseudostratified epithelium and three layers of _

A

The ductus (vas) deferens is a structure made of pseudostratified epithelium and three layers of smooth muscle (the outer region is the serosa)

52
Q

The function of the vas deferens is to _

A

The function of the vas deferens is to propel sperm with contraction of smooth muscle

53
Q

The _ are paired tubular glands of pseudostratified epithelium that contributes up to 85% of seminal volume

A

The seminal vesicles are paired tubular glands of pseudostratified epithelium that contributes up to 85% of seminal volume

54
Q

Name (3) functions of the seminal vesicles

A
  1. Secrete proteins, enzymes, fructose to nourish sperm
  2. Secrete semenogelin that causes semen to coagulate
  3. Contributes 70-85% of seminal volume and causes yellowish color
55
Q

The seminal vesicles produce a substance called _ that causes semen to coagulate

A

The seminal vesicles produce a substance called semenogelin that causes semen to coagulate

56
Q

The (peripheral/ central/ transitional) zone is the most common site of prostate cancer

A

The peripheral zone is the most common site of prostate cancer

57
Q

The (peripheral/ central/ transitional) zone is the most common site of BPH

A

The transitional zone is the most common site of BPH

58
Q

The prostate has _ to helps propel semen

A

The prostate has smooth muscle in stroma that helps to propel semen

59
Q

Three (3) substances secreted by the prostate

A
  1. Alkaline substance to neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina
  2. Nutrients
  3. Fibrinolysin to liquefy coagulated semen
60
Q

The seminal vesicles contribute 85% of seminal volume and gives a _ color; the prostate provides the remaining 15% and causes a _ color

A

The seminal vesicles contribute 85% of seminal volume and gives a yellow color; the prostate provides the remaining 15% and causes a white color

61
Q

_ are prostatic concretions that occur with age and are benign

A

Corpora amylacea are prostatic concretions that occur with age and are benign

62
Q

Seminal vesicles add _ to the semen

A

Seminal vesicles add fructose, semenogelin to the semen

63
Q

Secretions from the _ help to liquefy coagulated semen after it is deposited into the female

A

Secretions from the prostate help to liquefy coagulated semen after it is deposited into the female

64
Q

In a female, meiosis I is arrested in _ for years until ovulation

A

In a female, meiosis I is arrested in prophase I for years until ovulation

65
Q

In a female, meiosis II is arrested in _ until fertilization

A

In a female, meiosis II is arrested in metaphase II until fertilization

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