Repro - male

Question 1

Varicocele

Answer 1

gross dilation of the veins draining the testes, left testicular is more commonly affected, as left testicular vein is longer and drains into left renal vein. Large varicocele can look and feel like a bag of worms

Question 2

Hydrocoele

Answer 2

fluid in scrotum, inflammation of testes

Question 3

Clinical significance of testicle lymphatic drainage?

Answer 3

Testes are originally retroperitoneal organs, lymphatic drainage is to the lumbar and para-aortic nodes

Question 4

Cryptorchidism

Answer 4

undescended testes. Can become malignant or sub fertile

Question 5

Torsion =

Answer 5

twisting of the cord that supplies blood to testicles

Question 6

Epididymo-orchitis

Answer 6

inflammation of epididymis and testicle, testicular ischaemia, epididymal/testicular abscess

Question 7

Clinical significance of deep inguinal ring medial relation?

Answer 7

Inferior epigastric artery lies medial to deep ring, is a guid to determine the type of hernia- indirect/direct hernia

Indirect hernia = lateral to inferior epigastric artery = more common

Direct hernia = medial to inferior epigastric vessel = less common

Question 8

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) + symptoms

Answer 8

when medial lobe enlarges and occludes the urethra, occurs in transitional zone, symptoms include difficult urinating, weak flow of urine, urinary incontinence

Question 9

Clinical significance of prostatic venous plexus drainage?

Answer 9

Internal iliac vein connects with vertebral venous plexus- thought to be the route of bone metastasis of prostate cancer

Question 10

Catheterisation injury?

Answer 10

Membranous part of urethra

Question 11

Epispadias vs hypospadias

Answer 11

Epispadias = abnormal opening of the top of the urethra

Hypospadias = abnormal opening of the bottom of the urethra