Repro - female Flashcards
Normal size pelvic organs non-palpable?
Pelvic cavity protrudes backwards into gluteal region. Can only be examined/palpated via rectum or vagina
Adhesions in pelvis =
bands of scar tissue that can cause internal organs to stick together, result of previous surgery or pelvic infection or severe stage of endometriosis
Clinical importance of uterus flexion or version?
Uterovesical pouch lies in front. During C-section or hysterectomy area in front needs to be incised so bladder can be mobilised from the lower part of the uterus
Uterus becomes palpable at what gestation?
12 weeks
Uterus reaches umbilicus at what gestation?
22 weeks
Menorrhagia =
heavy flow
Metrorrhagia =
abnormal bleeding that is not associated with menstrual cycle
Dysmenorrhoea =
painful menstruation
Oligomenorrhoea =
infrequent menstrual periods
Uterine prolapse =
AND DEGREES?
descent of the uterus into vagina. Graded by baden-walker/beecham classification system
1st degree = cervix visible when perineum is depressed-prolapse contained in vagina
2nd degree = cervix prolapsed through introitus, fundus remain in pelvis
3rd degree = complete prolapse- entire uterus is outside the introitus
Uterine fibroids =
non-cancerous growth of the uterus in myometrium, usually asymptomatic, can cause heavy periods, pelvic pressure/pain, frequent urination, difficulty emptying bladder, constipation, back/leg pain
Endometriosis =
tissue like one lining of womb starts to grow in other places like ovaries/fallopian tubes. Symptoms include pelvic pain, period pain, pain during/after sex, pain during urination, difficulty getting pregnant, heavy period
Endometrial carcinoma =
increased oestrogen, incidence risen due to obesity, later childbirth, fewer children
Examination for adnexal mass?
Transvaginal ultrasonography
Why fallopian tube associated with medical emergency?
If fertilised egg implants in uterine tube
Salpingitis =
inflammation of uterine tubes caused by bacterial infection, lead to adhesions of mucosa, partially blocking lumen of uterine tube. Lead to ectopic pregnancy/infertility
Hydrosalpinx =
filling and expanding of uterine tube with water
Pyosalpinx =
filling and expanding of uterine tube with pus
Hematosalpnix =
filling and expanding of uterine tube with BLOOD
Cervical excitation =
cervical motion tenderness, sign for pelvic pathology
Structure at risk when ligating ovarian vessels?
URETER
Clinical significance of female pelvic drainage?
Ovarian lymphatic drain into para-aortic nodes = ovarian cancer can spread to these nodes
Pelvic organs drain into external/internal iliac chain of lymph nodes
Lower vagina/vulva drain into inguinal lymph node = palpable mass in inguinal region due to vulval cancers spreading to here
neoplasia =
ovarian cancer
PCOS =
excess androgens, infrequent periods, fail to regularly release eggs
