Lower limb

Question 1

What are the two types of hip dislocation?

Answer 1

uncommon, result of trauma .

1) Posterior dislocation- femoral head is forces posteriorly and tears through the inferior and posterior part of the joint capsule. Affected limb becomes shorter and medially rotated. Sciatic nerve runs posteriorly to the hip joint and is at risk
2) Anterior dislocation- rare, femoral head is displaced anteriorly and (usually) inferiorly in relation to the acetabulum. Occurs as a consequence of traumatic extension, abduction and lateral rotation

Question 2

Torn meniscus

Answer 2

damage from a tear in the cartilage of the meniscus. Tears are usually described by where they are located anatomically in the C shape. Physical examination can identify whether its lateral/medial meniscus. MRI or arthroscopic surgery can locate the specific part of the cartilage that is torn

Question 3

Femoral neck fracture cause and effect

Answer 3

the deep femoral artery gives off circumflex branches that bring blood back to the femoral neck. In a femoral neck fracture the head won’t be supplied anymore so it can go into necrosis

Question 4

what is and the Clinical relevance of femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Is a subfascial space (has triangular shape) below the inguinal ligament of the thigh. Femoral triangle contains some of the major neurovascular structures of the lower limb:
Femoral nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymph nodes (NAVEL)