Repro/ GYN

Question 1

How does stress cause secondary amenorrhea?

Answer 1

Stress leads to a hypothalamic state leading to decreased GnRH production. This leads to a drop in FSH and LH thus preventing ovulation. Estrogen is not produced by the follicle sufficiently enough to cause proliferation of the endometrium

Question 2

How long and why should a woman take a folic acid supplement?

Answer 2

1 month prior to conception and through the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects

Question 3

Meig’s syndrome

Answer 3

• Ascites
• Pleural effusion
• Benign Ovarian tumor (fibroma)

Question 4

Strawberry cervix

Answer 4

Trichamonas

Question 5

HELLP syndrome

Answer 5

• Hypertension
• Elevated Liver Enzymes
• Low Platelets

Question 6

Rubella is safe in pregnancy when

Answer 6

After 13 weeks of gestation, post organogenesis

Question 7

Antihypertensive recommended during pregnancy

Answer 7

methyldopa

Question 8

45 X

Answer 8

Turner syndrome

Question 9

Nagel’s rule

Answer 9

Estimated Date of Confinement

EDC = LMP - 3months + 7 days

Question 10

How long for attempting conception prior to infertility workup

Answer 10

1 year

Question 11

Source of infertility Male:Female:both

Answer 11

1/3 each

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for ovulation

Answer 12

LH

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for follicle maturation

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

How does estrogen affect the reception of LH

Answer 14

It increases the number of LH receptors

Question 15

Fifth disease

Answer 15

Human parvovirus B19 (DNA virus)

- Scary in pregnancy

Question 16

Risk factors for Hydatidiform Moles

Answer 16

• Teenage pregnancy
• Over 35
• Previous miscarriage

Question 17

Grape like vesicle in a snow storm on US (Empty egg)

Answer 17

Complete Hydatidiform mole (no identifiable fetal tissue)

Question 18

Signs of complete hydatidiform mole

Answer 18

• Vaginal bleeding (97%)
  Hyperemisis (due to high HCG >100,000)
• ## Preeclampsia (27%)

Question 19

Incomplete hydaitidiform mole

Answer 19

Some recognizable fetal tissue although fetus is not viable

Question 20

Signs of incomplete hydatidform mole

Answer 20

• Vaginal bleeding

- Absent fetal heart tones

Question 21

Normal rate of HCG increase in pregnancy

Answer 21

doubles every 48 hrs initially

Question 22

Definition of a threatened abortion

Answer 22

bleeding befor 20 weeks gestation

Question 23

definition of inevitable abortion

Answer 23

Cervix is dilated but products of conception have not been expelled

Question 24

Definition of a missed abortion

Answer 24

Fetal demise without uterine activity to expel the products of conception

Question 25

Definition of polyhydraminos

Answer 25

Abnormally high level of amniotic fluid >2000ml

Question 26

Risk to fetus with polyhydraminos

Answer 26

20% of children have a congenital anomaly

Question 27

Definition of oligohydramnios

Answer 27

abnormally low amounts of placental fluid

Question 28

Most common cause of female infertility in the US

Answer 28

PID

Question 29

primary amenorrhea

Answer 29

No menstruation by 16

Question 30

Secondary amenorrhea

Answer 30

• If cycles previously regular then no menstruation for 3 months
• If irregular menses then no menstruation for 6 months

Question 31

Most common cause of secondary amenorrhea

Answer 31

pregnancy

Question 32

First line tx for primary dysmenorrhea

Answer 32

NSAID’s

Question 33

Dysmenorrhea lasting for the first 1-3 days of the cycle

Answer 33

Primary dysmenorrhea

Question 34

Abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of an anatomic uterine lesion

Answer 34

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

- typically caused by a problem in the hypothalamic ovarian hormonal axis

Question 35

What is a leiomyomata

Answer 35

uterine fibroids

Question 36

Women with uterine fibroids are at increased risk of what

Answer 36

endometrial cancer and miscarriage

Question 37

most common gynecological malignancy

Answer 37

Endometrial cancer (adenocarcinomas 75%)