Repro/ GYN Flashcards
How does stress cause secondary amenorrhea?
Stress leads to a hypothalamic state leading to decreased GnRH production. This leads to a drop in FSH and LH thus preventing ovulation. Estrogen is not produced by the follicle sufficiently enough to cause proliferation of the endometrium
How long and why should a woman take a folic acid supplement?
1 month prior to conception and through the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects
Meig’s syndrome
- Ascites
- Pleural effusion
- Benign Ovarian tumor (fibroma)
Strawberry cervix
Trichamonas
HELLP syndrome
- Hypertension
- Elevated Liver Enzymes
- Low Platelets
Rubella is safe in pregnancy when
After 13 weeks of gestation, post organogenesis
Antihypertensive recommended during pregnancy
methyldopa
45 X
Turner syndrome
Nagel’s rule
Estimated Date of Confinement
EDC = LMP - 3months + 7 days
How long for attempting conception prior to infertility workup
1 year
Source of infertility Male:Female:both
1/3 each
Which hormone is responsible for ovulation
LH
Which hormone is responsible for follicle maturation
FSH
How does estrogen affect the reception of LH
It increases the number of LH receptors
Fifth disease
Human parvovirus B19 (DNA virus)
- Scary in pregnancy
Risk factors for Hydatidiform Moles
- Teenage pregnancy
- Over 35
- Previous miscarriage
Grape like vesicle in a snow storm on US (Empty egg)
Complete Hydatidiform mole (no identifiable fetal tissue)
Signs of complete hydatidiform mole
- Vaginal bleeding (97%)
Hyperemisis (due to high HCG >100,000) - ## Preeclampsia (27%)
Incomplete hydaitidiform mole
Some recognizable fetal tissue although fetus is not viable
Signs of incomplete hydatidform mole
- Vaginal bleeding
- Absent fetal heart tones
Normal rate of HCG increase in pregnancy
doubles every 48 hrs initially
Definition of a threatened abortion
bleeding befor 20 weeks gestation
definition of inevitable abortion
Cervix is dilated but products of conception have not been expelled
Definition of a missed abortion
Fetal demise without uterine activity to expel the products of conception
Definition of polyhydraminos
Abnormally high level of amniotic fluid >2000ml
Risk to fetus with polyhydraminos
20% of children have a congenital anomaly
Definition of oligohydramnios
abnormally low amounts of placental fluid
Most common cause of female infertility in the US
PID
primary amenorrhea
No menstruation by 16
Secondary amenorrhea
- If cycles previously regular then no menstruation for 3 months
- If irregular menses then no menstruation for 6 months
Most common cause of secondary amenorrhea
pregnancy
First line tx for primary dysmenorrhea
NSAID’s
Dysmenorrhea lasting for the first 1-3 days of the cycle
Primary dysmenorrhea
Abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of an anatomic uterine lesion
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- typically caused by a problem in the hypothalamic ovarian hormonal axis
What is a leiomyomata
uterine fibroids
Women with uterine fibroids are at increased risk of what
endometrial cancer and miscarriage
most common gynecological malignancy
Endometrial cancer (adenocarcinomas 75%)
