Repro/Endocrine Drugs

Question 1

What drug is useful in inhibiting bone resorption for a pt. with hypercalcemia? This drug is superior to calcitonin.

Answer 1

Gallium Nitrate

Question 2

Phosphate binder used for renal failure pt.

Answer 2

Sevelamer

Question 3

Calcitriol analog used for chronic kidney disease

Answer 3

Doxercalciferol

Question 4

What drug interacts selectively with estrogen receptors causing an inhibition of bone resorption?

Answer 4

Raloxifene

Question 5

What drug activates the calcium sensing receptors resulting in the inhibition of PTH secretion?

Answer 5

Cinacalcet

Question 6

What group of drugs suppress the activity of osteoclasts inhibiting bone resporption?

Answer 6

Bisphosphonates (dronates)

Question 7

What drug is a recombinant form of PTH?

Answer 7

Teriparatide

Question 8

Phosphate binding agent that uses Aluminum for the treatment of chronic kidney disease

Answer 8

Deferoxamine

Question 9

Somatropin and Somatrem

Answer 9

Growth hormone analogues

Question 10

1) Somatostatin analogue
2) 45x more potent than somatostatin
3) Used for treatment of acromegally, gastrinoma, and VIPoma

Answer 10

Octreotide

Question 11

GHRH peptide analogue

Answer 11

Sermorelin

Question 12

GH receptor antagonsit

Answer 12

Pegvisomant

Question 13

1) Synthetic human ACTH

2) Stimulates activity of cholesterol esterase (key enzyme for cholesterol –> pregnenolone)

Answer 13

Cosyntropin and Porcine

Question 14

1) GnRH analogue

2) D-amino substituted at position 6 and ethylamide substituted for glycine at position 10

Answer 14

Leuprolide, Nafarelin, Goserelin

Question 15

What occurs when you give a sustained, non-pulsatile administration of GnRH

Answer 15

It inhibits the release of FSH and LH by the pituitary in both men and women

Question 16

MOA of Bromocripitine/Cabergoline

Answer 16

1) Selective for D2 dopamine receptor

2) Decreases dopamine trnover in the arcuate nucleus

Question 17

Modified forms of FSH with LH

Answer 17

Menotropins

Question 18

GnRH antagonist

Answer 18

Cetrorelix acetate

Question 19

Insulin with a glutamate substituted at the C terminus?

Answer 19

1) Apidra (Insulin Glulisine)

2) Rapid

Question 20

Insulin with a aspartate substituted at the C terminus?

Answer 20

1) Novolog (Insulin aspart)

2) Rapid acting

Question 21

Insulin with a lysine and proline substituted at the C terminus?

Answer 21

1) Humalog (Lispro)

2) Rapid

Question 22

Non-insulin hypoglycemic agents that target the ATP regulated Potassium channel?

Answer 22

1) Sulfonylureas

2) Meglitinides

Question 23

What are some characteristics of sulfonylurea?

Answer 23

1) Act on the sulfonylurea receptor to inhibit ATP regulated K channel and stimulates insulin release
2) After initial period insulin levels go back down
3) Drug may fail completely
4) Has drug interactions with salicylates

Question 24

Glimepiride, Glipizide, and Glyburide

Answer 24

Sulfonylureas

Question 25

Repaglinide

Answer 25

Meglitinide

Question 26

What is the MOA for Biguanides (metformin)

Answer 26

1) Activates the AMP dependent protein kinase | 2) Results in decreased gluconeogenesis and increased glycogenesis

Question 27

What drug interactions are important with metformin? What adverse reactions are there?

Answer 27

1) Furosomide | 2) GI disturbances

Question 28

MOA for Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)

Answer 28

1) Act on the PPAR gamma receptor

Question 29

Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone

Answer 29

Thiazolidinediones

Question 30

Exenatide

Answer 30

Glucagon like peptide agonist

Question 31

MOA of GLP agonists

Answer 31

Increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and decreases intestinal mobility

Question 32

Sitagliptin

Answer 32

GLP-1 protease inhibitor

Question 33

Acarbose

Answer 33

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor

Question 34

Adverse Effects of Acarbose

Answer 34

1) GI malabsorption (flatulence, diarrhea, bloating)

Question 35

Adverse effects of Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone

Answer 35

1) Weight gain 2) Edema (macular edema) 3) Increased adiposity 4) HEPATOTOXICITY

Question 36

Sitagliptin

Answer 36

GLP-1 protease inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor)

Question 37

Drug interactions of sitaglipitin

Answer 37

1) Anti-viral agents

Question 38

Pramlintide

Answer 38

Synthetic amylin

Question 39

MOA of Pramlintide

Answer 39

1) Decrease glucagon 2) Slow GI mobility 3) Increase satiety

Question 40

Colesevelam

Answer 40

Bile acid seqestrant

Question 41

Canagliflozin

Answer 41

Sodium Glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2)

Question 42

MOA of Canagliflozin

Answer 42

Block the reabsorption of glucose from the proximal renal tubule

Question 43

How does amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic) cause hypothyroidism?

Answer 43

1) Inhibits diodinase activity

Question 44

What does insulin do to potasssium?

Answer 44

1. Cause an intracellular shift of potassium

Question 45

MOA of anastrozole

Answer 45

1) Aromatase inhibitor | 2) Used in postmenapusal women with breast cancer

Question 46

Competitive inhibitor of prgestins at progestin receptors; used as a postcoital contraceptive

Answer 46

Mifepristone

Question 47

MOA of Terbutaline

Answer 47

Beta 2 agonisth that relaxes the uterus

Question 48

MOA of Tamsulosin

Answer 48

Alpha 1 antagonist used to treat BPH

Question 49

What drugs inhibit phosphodiesterase causing increased cGMP leading to smooth musccle relaxation

Answer 49

Sldenafil and vardenafill

Question 50

MOA of Raloxifene

Answer 50

Agonist on bone; reduces resorption of bone

Question 51

What drug is used to treat osteoporosis

Answer 51

Raloxifene

Question 52

MOA of Tamoxifen

Answer 52

1) Antagonist on breast tissue | 2) May cause endometrial polyp

Question 53

MOA of Propylthiouracil and methimazole

Answer 53

Block thyroid peroxidase | REsults in inhibition of organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone

Question 54

What additional mechanism does propylthiouracil do that methimazole doesnt?

Answer 54

1) Blocks conversion of T4 to T3 | 2) Inhibition of 5 deiodinase

Question 55

What is the function of propranolol when given for a pt. with thyrotoxicosis?

Answer 55

1) Decreases heightened adrenergic response from T3/T4 | 2) Inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3