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Drugs > Repro/Endocrine Drugs > Flashcards

Repro/Endocrine Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug is useful in inhibiting bone resorption for a pt. with hypercalcemia? This drug is superior to calcitonin.

A

Gallium Nitrate

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2
Q

Phosphate binder used for renal failure pt.

A

Sevelamer

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3
Q

Calcitriol analog used for chronic kidney disease

A

Doxercalciferol

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4
Q

What drug interacts selectively with estrogen receptors causing an inhibition of bone resorption?

A

Raloxifene

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5
Q

What drug activates the calcium sensing receptors resulting in the inhibition of PTH secretion?

A

Cinacalcet

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6
Q

What group of drugs suppress the activity of osteoclasts inhibiting bone resporption?

A

Bisphosphonates (dronates)

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7
Q

What drug is a recombinant form of PTH?

A

Teriparatide

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8
Q

Phosphate binding agent that uses Aluminum for the treatment of chronic kidney disease

A

Deferoxamine

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9
Q

Somatropin and Somatrem

A

Growth hormone analogues

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10
Q

1) Somatostatin analogue
2) 45x more potent than somatostatin
3) Used for treatment of acromegally, gastrinoma, and VIPoma

A

Octreotide

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11
Q

GHRH peptide analogue

A

Sermorelin

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12
Q

GH receptor antagonsit

A

Pegvisomant

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13
Q

1) Synthetic human ACTH

2) Stimulates activity of cholesterol esterase (key enzyme for cholesterol –> pregnenolone)

A

Cosyntropin and Porcine

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14
Q

1) GnRH analogue

2) D-amino substituted at position 6 and ethylamide substituted for glycine at position 10

A

Leuprolide, Nafarelin, Goserelin

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15
Q

What occurs when you give a sustained, non-pulsatile administration of GnRH

A

It inhibits the release of FSH and LH by the pituitary in both men and women

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16
Q

MOA of Bromocripitine/Cabergoline

A

1) Selective for D2 dopamine receptor

2) Decreases dopamine trnover in the arcuate nucleus

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17
Q

Modified forms of FSH with LH

A

Menotropins

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18
Q

GnRH antagonist

A

Cetrorelix acetate

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19
Q

Insulin with a glutamate substituted at the C terminus?

A

1) Apidra (Insulin Glulisine)

2) Rapid

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20
Q

Insulin with a aspartate substituted at the C terminus?

A

1) Novolog (Insulin aspart)

2) Rapid acting

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21
Q

Insulin with a lysine and proline substituted at the C terminus?

A

1) Humalog (Lispro)

2) Rapid

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22
Q

Non-insulin hypoglycemic agents that target the ATP regulated Potassium channel?

A

1) Sulfonylureas

2) Meglitinides

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23
Q

What are some characteristics of sulfonylurea?

A

1) Act on the sulfonylurea receptor to inhibit ATP regulated K channel and stimulates insulin release
2) After initial period insulin levels go back down
3) Drug may fail completely
4) Has drug interactions with salicylates

24
Q

Glimepiride, Glipizide, and Glyburide

A

Sulfonylureas

25
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinide

26
Q

What is the MOA for Biguanides (metformin)

A

1) Activates the AMP dependent protein kinase

2) Results in decreased gluconeogenesis and increased glycogenesis

27
Q

What drug interactions are important with metformin? What adverse reactions are there?

A

1) Furosomide

2) GI disturbances

28
Q

MOA for Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)

A

1) Act on the PPAR gamma receptor

29
Q

Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinediones

30
Q

Exenatide

A

Glucagon like peptide agonist

31
Q

MOA of GLP agonists

A

Increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and decreases intestinal mobility

32
Q

Sitagliptin

A

GLP-1 protease inhibitor

33
Q

Acarbose

A

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor

34
Q

Adverse Effects of Acarbose

A

1) GI malabsorption (flatulence, diarrhea, bloating)

35
Q

Adverse effects of Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone

A

1) Weight gain
2) Edema (macular edema)
3) Increased adiposity
4) HEPATOTOXICITY

36
Q

Sitagliptin

A

GLP-1 protease inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor)

37
Q

Drug interactions of sitaglipitin

A

1) Anti-viral agents

38
Q

Pramlintide

A

Synthetic amylin

39
Q

MOA of Pramlintide

A

1) Decrease glucagon
2) Slow GI mobility
3) Increase satiety

40
Q

Colesevelam

A

Bile acid seqestrant

41
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Sodium Glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2)

42
Q

MOA of Canagliflozin

A

Block the reabsorption of glucose from the proximal renal tubule

43
Q

How does amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic) cause hypothyroidism?

A

1) Inhibits diodinase activity

44
Q

What does insulin do to potasssium?

A
  1. Cause an intracellular shift of potassium
45
Q

MOA of anastrozole

A

1) Aromatase inhibitor

2) Used in postmenapusal women with breast cancer

46
Q

Competitive inhibitor of prgestins at progestin receptors; used as a postcoital contraceptive

A

Mifepristone

47
Q

MOA of Terbutaline

A

Beta 2 agonisth that relaxes the uterus

48
Q

MOA of Tamsulosin

A

Alpha 1 antagonist used to treat BPH

49
Q

What drugs inhibit phosphodiesterase causing increased cGMP leading to smooth musccle relaxation

A

Sldenafil and vardenafill

50
Q

MOA of Raloxifene

A

Agonist on bone; reduces resorption of bone

51
Q

What drug is used to treat osteoporosis

A

Raloxifene

52
Q

MOA of Tamoxifen

A

1) Antagonist on breast tissue

2) May cause endometrial polyp

53
Q

MOA of Propylthiouracil and methimazole

A

Block thyroid peroxidase

REsults in inhibition of organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone

54
Q

What additional mechanism does propylthiouracil do that methimazole doesnt?

A

1) Blocks conversion of T4 to T3

2) Inhibition of 5 deiodinase

55
Q

What is the function of propranolol when given for a pt. with thyrotoxicosis?

A

1) Decreases heightened adrenergic response from T3/T4

2) Inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Drugs (13 decks)

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