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Drugs > Chemotherapy Drugs > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drug that acts as a mitotic spindle poison causing depolymerization of microtubles leading to destabilization; comes from periwinkle plant

A

Vinca Alkaloids

  • Vincristine
  • Vinblastine
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2
Q

What are the adverse effects of vinca alkaloids?

A

1) Neuro toxicity (Jaw pain, foot drop, constipation, paralytic ileus)
2) Vincristine cause SIADH
3) Bone marrow hypoplasia
4) Lethal if given IT
5) Vesicant

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3
Q

Drug that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis in tumor cells dependent upon aspargine?

A

1-Asparaginase

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4
Q

Drug that inhibits tyrosine kinase enzyme abl-bcr and induces apoptosis to cells positive for abl-bcr

A

Imatinib

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5
Q

What is Imatinib used to treat?

A

Imatinib is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia which is caused by the translocation of 9:22 abl-bcr

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6
Q

How does Rituximab work?

A

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that is selective for CD20 which is found on B-cells; once activated it causes complement dependent cytotoxicity

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7
Q

Drugs that inhibit topoisomerase II generating free radicals and causing DNA breakage

A

Antrhacylines

  • Daunorubicin
  • Doxorubicine (adriamycin)
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8
Q

Toxicity of antrhacylcines (doxurubicin/adriamycin)

A

1) Dilated Cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure
2) Severe vesicants (blistering)
3) Myelosuppresion
4) Stomatitis- inflammation of mucous lining in mouth

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9
Q

What drugs bind to tubulin and stabilize mitotic spindles causing inhibition of mitosis?

A

Taxanes

1) Paciltaxel
2) Docetaxel

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10
Q

What drug forms ternary complex with DNA and topoisomerase II preventing ligation of DNA strands?

A

Etoposide

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11
Q

How does cyclophosphamide work?

A

Cyclophosphamide is a classic alkylating agent that alkylates the 7th position nitrogen of guanine in DNA

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12
Q

Drug that inhibits replication by acting as a chain terminator; pyrimidine analog

A

Cytarabine

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13
Q

Drug that inhibits the conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid by acting as a folic acid analog for dihydrofolate reductase; results in defective thymidine synthesis; S phase specific

A

Methotrexate

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14
Q

Drug that inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism; thiopurine analog

A

6-Mercaptopurine

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15
Q

MOA of Leucovorin

A

1) Supplies reduced amount of folate that enables for purine synthesis to occur
2) Used for methotrexate toxicity

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16
Q

MOA of Cisplatin

A

Platinum alkylating compound that causes cross linking of DNA which causes damage

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17
Q

Drug that binds to Ferrous iron and DNA causing single and double free radicals

A

Bleomycin

18
Q

What are the toxic effects of bleomycin?

A

1) Pulmonary fibrosis (think: BLAB)
2) Raynaud’s phenomenon
3) Palmar-plantar erythema
4) Mucositis

19
Q

What are the toxic effects of rituximab?

A

1) Infusion related bronchospasm, hypotension

2) Leukopenia

20
Q

What is apspariginase used to treat?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia

21
Q

What is the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia?

A

Tretinoin

22
Q

Toxicity of Methotrexate

A

1) Myelosuppresion (neutropenia in particular)
2) Renal Toxicity
3) Hepatic
4) CNS (seizures, changes in mental status)
5) GI (mucositis in particular)
6) Teratogenic

23
Q

What drug can have full doses of other chemotherapeutic with it?

A

Imatinib

24
Q

What is a side effect of ATRA?

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

25
Q

Drug that inhibits thymidylate synthase resulting in decreased DNA and protein synthesis

A

5-Fluoruracil

26
Q

What is given for a 5-fluoruracil toxicity

A

thymidine

27
Q

MOA of busulfan

A

Alkylates DNA

28
Q

Adverse effects of busulfan

A

1) Pulmonary fibrosis

2) hyperpigmentation

29
Q

Monoclonal antibody against CD20

A

Rituximab

30
Q

bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor

A

Imatinib

31
Q

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2

A

Trastuzumab

32
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis caused by chemotherapeutic drug

A

Cyclophosphamide

33
Q

What must you be aware of when treating with chemotherapeutics?

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

1) Leads to increased amounts of K and Nucleotides
2) Results in arrhythmias and elevated uric acid levels

34
Q

What drugs can be used to reduce tumor lysis syndrome?

A

1) Allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)

2) Rasburicase (acts like urate oxidase -breaks down uric acid)

35
Q

Drug selective for HER2

A

Trastuzumab

36
Q

Drug selective for IgE

A

Omalizumab

37
Q

Drug selective for CD20

A

Rituximab

38
Q

Drugs selective for TNF-alpha

A

1) Infliximab

2) Adalimumab

39
Q

What do you use to prevent nephrotoxicity when using cisplatin

A

Amifostine

40
Q

What drug do you give to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in pt. receiving cyclophosphamide?

A

Mesna

- Binds to acrolein

41
Q

What is the cause of hemorrhagic cystits by cyclophosphamide?

A

Metabolism of cyclophosphamide to acrolein

Drugs (13 decks)

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