Repro Embryo Flashcards
1st aortic arch
maxillary artery (**1st ** arch is maxillary)
2nd aortic arch
Stapedial artery and hyoid artery (Second=Stapedial)
3rd aortic arch
Common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal Carotid artery (C is the 3rd letter in the alphabet)
4th aortic arch
onleft, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of the subclavian artery (4th arch, **4 **limbs = systemic)
6th aoritc arch
on left the proximal part of pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus
What arteries does the recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around?
Left= aortic arch, Right=right subclavian artery
What are the branchial clefts, arches and pouches derived from?
**CAP **from outside to inside
Clefts= ectoderm
Arches= mesoderm
Pouches= endoderm
Mneumonic for the branchial arch derivates
When at the restuarnat of the golden arches, children tend to first chew (1), then **smile **(2), then swallow stylishly (3) or **simple swallow ** (4), then **speak **(6)
1st branchial arch derivatives
M’s. Meckel cartilage: mandile, malleus, incus, sphenoMandiular ligament. Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini). CN V2 and V3 (aka chew).
Treacher Collins Syndrome
1st arch neural crest fails to migrate: mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
2nd branchial arch
S’s. Reichert cartilage: Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid ligament. Muscles of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, platySma, belly of digastric. CNVII (facial expression aka smile)
Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula
persistence of cleft and pouch leads to fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck
3rd branchial arch
cartilage: greater horn of hyoid. Stylopharyngeus. CN IX (swallow stylishly)
4th-6th branchial arch derivatives
cartilage: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform. Pharyngeal constrictors and laryngeal exceptr cricothyroid. simple swallow CNX (superior laryngeal branch) **speak **(recurrent laryneal branch)
Mneumonic to remember the branchial pouches
Ear, tonsils, bottom-to-top:
1 (ear)
2 (tonsils)
3 ventral (**bottom **for inferior parathyroids)
4 (top=superior parathyroids)
Cleft lip
failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes (formation of primary palate)
Cleft palate
failure of fusion of the two laterla palatine processes or failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes with the nasal septume and or median palatine process (formation of secondary palate)
What does the mesonephric duct develop into?
SEED (Seminal vesicles, Epididymis, Ejaculatory duct, and Ductus deferens), NOT prostate
Bicornuate uterus
heart shaped uterus due to incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts. Can lead to anatomic defects leading to recurrent miscarriages
What is the mutation in MEN2A
mutation in germline ret neural crest cells
What do sertoli cells secrete?
anti-mullerian hormone which causes the degeneration of the paramesophric ducts
What do leydig cells secrete?
adnreogens that stimulates the development of mesonephric ducts
Genital tubercle in male
glans penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
Genital tubercle in female
Glans clitoris and vestibular bulbs
Uorgeital sinus in male
bulbourethral glands or Cowper, prostate gland
Urogenital sinus in female
greater vestibular glands of Bartholin, and urethral and paraurethral glands of Skene
What develops from urogenital folds in male
ventral shaft of penis and penile urethra
Urogenital folds in females
Labia minora
labioscrotal swelling in males vs females
scrotum and labia majora
Testosterone causes maturation of?
wolfiian duct to male internal genitalia
DHT causes maturation of?
genital tubercle and urogenital sinus to male external genitalia and prostate
lymphatic drainage of ovaries/testis?
para-aortic lymph nodes
lymphatic drainage of distal vagina/vulva/scrotum?
superficial inguinal nodes
lymphatic drainage of proximal vagina/uterus
obturator external iliac and hypogastric nodes
What vessels are often cut during oophorectomy and what complication can occur?
Need to ligate ovarian vessels to avoid bleeding. Ureter is located retroperitoneal near the ovarian vessels, be careful not to cut.
During hysterectomy, what can you accidentally ligate?
ureter
What does the gubernaculum form?
the Round ligament and ovarian ligament. No blood vessels, so not the end of the world if you cut it.
What nerve causes an erection?
parasympathetics of the pelvic nerve
What nerve causes emission?
Sympathetics of the hypogastric nerve
What causes Ejaculation?
visceral and somatic nerves of the pudendal nerve
