Micro Drugs Flashcards
What is the mechanism of resistance to chloramphenicol?
plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase inactivates the drug
Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?
bacterial transferase enzymes iactive the drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation. Efflux pumps
Mechanism of resistaace to tetracyclines?
dec uptake or inc effux out of bacterial cells by plasmid-encoded transport pumps
Mechanism of resistance to macrolides?
methylation of 23S rRNA-binding site prevents binding of drug. Efflux pump
Mechanism of resistance to vancomycin?
Amino acid modification to D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac
Mechanism of resistance to ampicillin/amoxicillin?
Penicillinase in bacteria (type of B-lactamase) cleaves B-lactam ring
What drug treats anaerobes above the diaphragm?
clindamycin
What drug treats anaerobes below the diaphragm?
metronidazole
Mechanism of resistance to suflonamides?
altered bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, dec uptake, or inc PABA synthesis.
Mechanism of resistance to fluroquinolones?
Chromosome-encoded mutation in DNA gyrase, plasmid-mediated resistance, efflux pumps. Strucutral alteration of enzymes invovled in DNA unwinding (gyrase)
Mechanism of resistance to rifamycin?
modification of rifampin binding site on the bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase
What treats trematodes like Schistosoma?
praziquantel
Which 2 antivirals do not require viral kinase phosphorylation?
Cidofovir and Foscarnet
What are the antiobiotics to avoid in pregnancy?
SAFe Children Take Really Good Care
sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones, clarithromycin, tetracyclines, ribavirin, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol
Does Pyrizinamide work at high or low pH?
Low pH, works best in the phagolysosomes of macrophages, therefore good at killing intracellular TB.
Name the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)?
Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine
Do NNRTIs require intracellular phosphorylation for activation?
NO!
What is the function of protease inhibitors?
Inhibit cleavage of mRNA into their functional parts, preventing maturation of new viruses.
What is the function of NRTIs?
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transciptase and terminate the DNA chain (lack a 3’OH, thus inhibiting 3’-5’ phsophodiester bond formation).
What is the integrase inhibito and its function?
Raltegravir- inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chrosmosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase
Name the fusion inhibitors?
Enfubirtide and Maraviroc.
