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Step 1 > Micro Drugs > Flashcards

Micro Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance to chloramphenicol?

A

plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase inactivates the drug

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2
Q

Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?

A

bacterial transferase enzymes iactive the drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation. Efflux pumps

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3
Q

Mechanism of resistaace to tetracyclines?

A

dec uptake or inc effux out of bacterial cells by plasmid-encoded transport pumps

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4
Q

Mechanism of resistance to macrolides?

A

methylation of 23S rRNA-binding site prevents binding of drug. Efflux pump

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5
Q

Mechanism of resistance to vancomycin?

A

Amino acid modification to D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac

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6
Q

Mechanism of resistance to ampicillin/amoxicillin?

A

Penicillinase in bacteria (type of B-lactamase) cleaves B-lactam ring

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7
Q

What drug treats anaerobes above the diaphragm?

A

clindamycin

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8
Q

What drug treats anaerobes below the diaphragm?

A

metronidazole

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9
Q

Mechanism of resistance to suflonamides?

A

altered bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, dec uptake, or inc PABA synthesis.

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10
Q

Mechanism of resistance to fluroquinolones?

A

Chromosome-encoded mutation in DNA gyrase, plasmid-mediated resistance, efflux pumps. Strucutral alteration of enzymes invovled in DNA unwinding (gyrase)

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11
Q

Mechanism of resistance to rifamycin?

A

modification of rifampin binding site on the bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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12
Q

What treats trematodes like Schistosoma?

A

praziquantel

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13
Q

Which 2 antivirals do not require viral kinase phosphorylation?

A

Cidofovir and Foscarnet

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14
Q

What are the antiobiotics to avoid in pregnancy?

A

SAFe Children Take Really Good Care

sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones, clarithromycin, tetracyclines, ribavirin, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol

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15
Q

Does Pyrizinamide work at high or low pH?

A

Low pH, works best in the phagolysosomes of macrophages, therefore good at killing intracellular TB.

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16
Q

Name the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)?

A

Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine

17
Q

Do NNRTIs require intracellular phosphorylation for activation?

A

NO!

18
Q

What is the function of protease inhibitors?

A

Inhibit cleavage of mRNA into their functional parts, preventing maturation of new viruses.

19
Q

What is the function of NRTIs?

A

Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transciptase and terminate the DNA chain (lack a 3’OH, thus inhibiting 3’-5’ phsophodiester bond formation).

20
Q

What is the integrase inhibito and its function?

A

Raltegravir- inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chrosmosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase

21
Q

Name the fusion inhibitors?

A

Enfubirtide and Maraviroc.

Step 1 (17 decks)

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