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Year 3 anatomy > Repro Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Repro Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The male reproductive organs can be grouped into what 4 categories?

A
  1. The External Genitalia
  2. The Gonads – Where gametes or sex cells are produced and also the site for the production of male sex hormones
  3. The Tube System – For transporting the sperm from the gonads
  4. The Accessory Glands – These support the sperm and lubricate the copulatory organs
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2
Q

what are the organs involved in the male reproductive organs?

A
  • Testis
  • Vas Deferens or Ductus Deferens
  • Seminal glands
  • Prostate
  • Epididymis
  • Bulbourethral glands
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3
Q

A

A

Bladder

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4
Q

B

A

Ureter

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5
Q

C

A

Ampulla

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6
Q

D

A

Seminal vesicle

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7
Q

E

A

Prostate

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8
Q

F

A

Bulbourethral gland

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9
Q

G

A

Urethra

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10
Q

The gonads (testis) are located outside the abdomino-pelvic cavity but remain intimately connected to the structures located there.

During embryological development the testis move from the internal abdominal cavity, through the anterior abdominal wall, and lie as part of the external genitalia in the scrotum.

What is the name of the canal that the testis passes through during development?

A

inguinal canal

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11
Q

What are the deep and superficial openings of this canal called?

A

deep and superficial inguinal ring

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12
Q

A

A

External spermatic fascia

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13
Q

B

A

Cremaster muscle and fascia

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14
Q

C

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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15
Q

D

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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16
Q

This canal carries a group of structures known as the spermatic cord.

What are the main contents of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. vas deferens
  2. testicular artery
  3. Pampiniform plexus
  4. cremasteric artery and vein
  5. genital branch of genital femoral nerve
  6. lymph vessels
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17
Q

The ovoid testes are suspended in the scrotum by the _________ _____

A

spermatic cords

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18
Q

What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testis called?

A

tunica vaginalis

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19
Q

What are the two layers of tunica vaginalis?

A

visceral and parietal

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20
Q

What material is present between the two layers of tunica vaginalis?

A

fluid

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21
Q

Clinical:

Hydroceles and haematoceles are two pathologies associated with the tunica vaginalis.

What is a hydrocele?

what causes this?

A

swelling in scrotum when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle

Inflammation or injury within the scrotum

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22
Q

What is a haematocele?

what causes this?

A

blood collecting in a body cavity

trauma or injury to the testicles or scrotum

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23
Q

Blood Supply of the Testis

Unlike the internal pelvis organs the testis is supplied by a branch of the abdominal aorta called the testicular artery.

At what vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

L2-3

24
Q

These arteries travel retroperitoneally and cross two important structures near the pelvic brim before they travel through the inguinal canal. Name these that they cross.

A
  1. ureter
  2. genitofemoral nerve
25
Q

What is the term used for the 8-12 anastomosing veins associated with the testis?

What is the function of these veins?

A

pampiniform plexus

venous return form the testes and plays a role in temperature regulation of the testes

26
Q

Into which vein does the right and left testicular vein drain into?

A

The right testicular vein drains into inferior vena cava

The left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

27
Q

Clinical – Blood Supply Problems

A varicocele is a pathology specifically to the venous drainage of the testis

What is varicocele?

name the main causes of varicocele?

A

enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds your testes

valves in your veins stop blood flowing properly causing it to pool. Often form during puberty

28
Q

what is testicular torsion?

A

A testicular torsion is an emergency presentation.

With this the blood supply has been completely cut off from one of the testis, therefore it is at risk of necrosis within a few hours.

This requires urgent resolution through an operation and internal fixation (orchidopexy) of the testis to the scrotum to prevent this happening in the future

29
Q

Which two lymph node groups receive lymph from the testis?

A

lumbar and paraaortic lymph nodes

30
Q

Male reproductive organs - prostate

What is the Lymphatic drainage – Lymph node group?

A

Internal iliac and sacral nodes

31
Q

Male reproductive organs - seminal vesice

What is the Lymphatic drainage – Lymph node group?

A

internal and external iliac lymph nodes

32
Q

Male reproductive organs - scrotum

What is the Lymphatic drainage – Lymph node group?

A

superficial inguinal, deep inguinal and external inguinal lymph nodes

33
Q

Male reproductive organs - penis

What is the Lymphatic drainage – Lymph node group?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

34
Q

what is the epididymis?

A

The epididymis is attached to the body of the testis, and stores sperm that is produced by the testis.

35
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

This is a muscular tube which arises from the tail of the epididymis, traverses the inguinal canal and enters the pelvis by crossing over the external iliac vessels. It terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct.

36
Q

what are the seminal glands (vesicles)

A

These paired structures are located on either side of the posterior surface of the bladder, note their relation to the ureter, the vas deferens and the prostate gland

37
Q

What secretions are produced by the seminal vesicles?

A

seminal fluid (semen)

38
Q

what is the prostate gland?

A

The prostate gland is fused to the inferior part (neck) of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra. Examine the male pelvis diagram to understand the location and relations of the prostate to the bladder and seminal gland.

39
Q

What secretions are produced by the prostate?

A

Semen, prostatic fluids

40
Q

A

A

Vas deferens

41
Q

B

A

Bladder

42
Q

C

A

Seminal vesicle

43
Q

D

A

Prostate

44
Q

Clinical – The Prostate Gland:

Why might an enlarged prostate gland cause retention of urine?

A

as it is around the prostatic part of the urethra

45
Q

Clinical – The Prostate Gland:

What is the clinical significance of drainage from the prostatic venous plexus? (Think of how cancer spreads)

A

drains into internal iliac vein which connects with the vertebral venous plexus and this is thought to be the route of bone metastasis of prostate cancer

46
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands - what are they?

A

These are small, paired structures located in the urogenital diaphragm which empty into the penile/spongy urethra.

47
Q

What secretions are produced by these glands? (Bulbourethral glands)

A

clear, colourless, mucoid product of the secretory cells is released prior to ejaculation as sexual arousal begins, alkaline as pee is acidic to make sure semen isn’t killed on way out

48
Q

male reproductive organ - Testis (seminiferous tubules)

what are its histological features?

A

Convoluted tubules sectioned in various planes

4-8 layers of cells

Spermatozoa in the lumen

Leydig cells in the interstitial spaces between tubules

49
Q

male reproductive organ - Prostate

what are its histological features?

A

Serous alveoli with infolding epithelium

Trabeculae of muscular stroma

Amorphous eosinophilic masses, called corpora amylacea, in the alveoli in older men

50
Q

male reproductive organ - Seminal vesicle

what are its histological features?

A

No sperms in the lumen

Highly recessed and irregular lumen forming crypts and cavities giving a honey-combed appearance

Well-developed muscular externa

51
Q

male reproductive organ - Ductus Deferens

what are its histological features?

A

Lumen Stellate in shape

A thick-walled muscular tube

Epithelial lining and its supporting lamina propria are thrown into longitudinal folds

52
Q

what is shown here?

A

ductus deferens

53
Q

what is shown here?

A

Seminal vesicle

54
Q

what is shown here?

A

Epididymis

55
Q

what is shown here?

A

Testes

56
Q

What is shown here?

A

Prostate

Year 3 anatomy (12 decks)

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