MSK 3 - Upper Limbs Flashcards
anterior compartment of the forearm:
These muscles are _______ of the wrist and digits and facilitate _________ of the forearm at the radio-ulnar joint
They are arranged into a …………
flexors
pronation
superficial, intermediate and deep group
a

Pronator teres
b

Brachioradialis
c

Flexor carpi radialis
d

Flexor digitorum superficialis
e

Flexor carpi ulnaris
The _______ epicodyle of the humerus acts as the common flexor origin for the superficial and intermediate flexors. A common ______ arises from here, providing the proximal insertion point for these 4 muscles
Any overuse injury (such as ______ elbow) is reflected by pain here
medial
tendon
golfers
what is a muscle that everyone may not have?
The palmaris longus (not shown above) is a muscle which is absent in about 20% of people! It is a long thin muscle and is one of the most superficial structures found at the wrist joint – see if you have one by flexing the wrist joint

Simply put, the superficial flexors of the forearm can be drawn as below, with the 4 muscles fanning out from the common flexor origin
what are each of the muscles?

PT – Pronator Teres
FCR – Flexor Carpi Radialis
PL – Palmaris Longus
FCU – Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
What is the action of pronator teres?
Pronation of the forearm and weak elbow flextion
Apart from flexing the wrist, which superficial muscle is involved in adduction (ulnar deviation) of the wrist joint?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Apart from flexing the wrist, which superficial muscle is involved in abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist joint?
Flexor carip radialis
Three superficial muscles are supplied by ______ nerve with the ulnar nerve suppling the _____________ muscle
median
flexor carpi ulnaris
what and where is the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)?
Lies immediately deep to the superficial group of flexors in the forearm and is seen as the only muscle on the intermediate group of the forearm
The flashy mass of muscle has an extensive origin in the forearm, and passes distally down the arm giving rise to 4 tendons.

where and how does the FDS attach?
The distal tendon of FDS is interesting, as when approaching its insertion point it splits into two loops passing around the back of the phalanx. This provides a tunnel in which the flexor digitorum profundus tendon can pass through attaching onto the distal phalanx.

To which digits (fingers) are the 4 tendons of FDS attached?
2-5 - index, long, ring, pinky
On which phalanx are they inserted?
middle
what is the FDS function?
The FDS flexes the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Can this muscle act on the distal interphalangeal joint? (FDS)
no
What nerve innervates FDS?
Median nevre (C7, C8 and T1)
Brachioradialis:
Although seen as a muscle that lies in the posterior (extensor) compartment of the forearm the brachioradialis acts on the elbow joint with the other anterior muscles.
What is the main action of this muscle?
Flexes elbow when the forearm is in neutral and acts to stabilize the elbow during rapid flexion or extension

which nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve
what rule is the brachioradialis an exception of?
Brachioradialis is the exception to the rule that all flexors lie in the anterior compartment, and that the radial nerve only innervates extensor muscles
whata re the deep groups of msucles related to?
The deep group of muscles are in contact with the bones and interosseous membrane.
The flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) is in relation to the ulna, the flexor pollicis longus in in relation to the radius, and the pronator quadratus which is closely related to the distal parts of both bones.


































