Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Post-coital bleeding + friable cervix

A

Cervicitis :

N.gonorrhoea +/ Chlamydia

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2
Q

Twins of diff sexes

A

Dizygotic - fertilization of 2 oocytes by 2 diff sperms

  • almost always dichorionic/diamniotic
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3
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Division of single zygote after fertilization of single oocyte
- SAME SEX, genetically identical

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4
Q

Complication of prostatectomy?

A

ED d/t damage to cavernous nerves that innervate corpora cavernosa or penis + urethra

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5
Q

Damage to which N causes fecal incontinence

A

Pudendal

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6
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

Genitofemoral N L1x2

Loss in testicular torsion

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7
Q

What stimulates estrogen production from ovaries .

A

FSH - follicular phase — estradiol w +ve feedback inc LH - LH surge — ovulation

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8
Q

GI changes during pregnancy

A
  1. Progesterone dec LES tone - GERD
  2. Estrogen inc cholesterol secretion, P dec GB motility - GALK stones
  3. P dec smooth muscle act c dec MMC in small intestine - constipation, bloating, flatulence
  4. Inc venous pressure - hemorrhoids
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9
Q

+Prehn sign

A

Pain relief w scrotal elevation in Epididymitis

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10
Q

Golden-brown eosinophilia cytoplasmic crystals seen in which

A

Reinke crystals — Leydig cell tumor

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11
Q

Schiller Duval bodies

A

Yolk sac tumor

Inc AFP

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12
Q

Inc beta-HCG seen w?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Choriocarcinoma
  3. Embryonal ca
  4. Dysgerminoma
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13
Q

Incomplete obliteration of processus vaginalis

A
  1. Hydrocele

2. Indirect inguinal hernia

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14
Q

Tx DI Priapism

A

Phenylephrine

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15
Q

PSaMMoma bodies seen in?

A
  1. Endometrial ca

2. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Coffee bean nuclei on H&E

A

Brenner tumor

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17
Q

Granulosa cells arranged around eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies — Granulosa cell tumor

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18
Q

Ovarian fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion

A

Meigs syndrome

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19
Q

Grape like mass from vagina

A

Sarcoma botryoides

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20
Q

III trimester bleeding

Painless:

Painful:

A

Painless: placenta previa

Painful: abruptio placenta

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21
Q

Defective migration of neurons + failure of olfactory bulb to dev

A

Kallman syndrome

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22
Q

Sex chrom disorders-

Inactivated X chrom / Barr body seen in?

X chrom loss d/t nondisjunction during meiosis/ myosis

A

Inactivated X chrom / Barr body seen in? : Klinefelter

X chrom loss d/t nondisjunction during meiosis/ myosis : Turner

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23
Q

Chorionic villus sampling vs Amniocentesis

A

CVS: prenatal diagnosis, detects fetal genetic abnormalities.

  • performed during the first trimester of pregnancy 10-14w
  • less risk of miscarriage comparable to that in case of amniocentesis.
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24
Q

Psammoma bodies seen in?

A

Ovarian serous cystadenoca

25
Q

46XX or XY w large uterus for gestational age

A

Complete mole

  • empty ovum fertilized by 2 sperm or ovum fertilized by sperm e duplication
26
Q

69XX or XXY

A

Partial mole

  • ovum fertilized by 2 sperm, or 1 ovum fertilized by 1 sperm w duplication of sperm : 46 chrom paternal, 23 chrom maternal
27
Q

MC complication of PCOS

A

Endometrial ca

28
Q

U shaped cleft palate seen in?

A

Pierre Robin sequence

29
Q

What is a collection of malformations known as?

A

Association: VACTERL

  1. Vertebral anomalies
  2. Anal atresia
  3. Cardiac defects
  4. TES fistula
  5. Renal abn
  6. Limb defects
30
Q

Somatic vs germline mutation

A

Somatic = sex chrom

Germline = gametes = passed onto offspring

31
Q

Inc B-HCG, SOB, vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement. Dx?

A

Choriocarcinoma

32
Q

Adnexal mass on US w +ve pregnancy test

A

Ectopic pregnancy

Decidualized endometrium d/t inc progesterone, luteal phase w/o embryonic tissue

33
Q

Mediators of labor

A

Estrogen mediated

  1. Upreg of gap junctions: connexin protein - inc myometrial excitability
  2. Inc expr of oxytocin receptors- inc Ca transport
34
Q

Postpartum Pd inc risk of which

A

Myasthenia gravis

Q.ID 1657

35
Q

Hx multiple miscarriages c DVT. Dx?

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

  • lupus anticog or anti-cardiolipin +ve
36
Q

MC testicular tumor

A

Germ cell tumors

  • dev sperm
  • orchiectomy
37
Q

Separated ovarian mass w inc b-HCG seen w?

A

Dysgerminoma

  • abd pain in young women
  • large vesicular cells w clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
38
Q

MCC breast ca in males

A

Invasive ductal ca d/t 47, XXY Klinefelter

39
Q

Solid sheets of malignant epith infiltrating into a desmoplastic stroma on breast Bx seen w?

A

Invasive ductal ca

40
Q

“Bag of worms”

A

Varicocele

  • no illumination
41
Q

Trans illuminating scrotal mass

A

Hydrocele

  • painless, cystic mass
  • # MC newborns
42
Q

MC type of CAH

A

21-hydroxylase def

  • inc androgens
  • dec aldosterone
43
Q

MCC ambiguous genitalia in girls

A

21-hydroxylase def, CAH

  • salt wasting
44
Q

U/L eczematous patch on nipple w serosanguinous discharge seen w?

A

Paget’s disease of breast

Mx: large cells w prominent nuclei and cytoplasmic clefts

45
Q

Cells in a linear patters w/in breast stroma seen in?

A

Infiltrating lobular ca

  • b/l w multiple lesions
46
Q

Fibrovascular structures lined by ductal epith on breast Bx seen in?

A

Intra ductal papilloma

47
Q

Solid pattern w central necrosis on breast Bx seen in?

A

Comedocarcinoma

Subtype of DCIS

48
Q

Dec AFP and inc b-HCG seen w?

A

Down

» 21 B inc, A dec «

» Up HI. HCG + Inhibin B inc«

49
Q

Down vs Patau triple-screen

A

Patau 2#MC autosomal trisomy resulting in live birth

Dec all, AFP, B-HCG, Inhibin B

  • Down : » HI up «
50
Q

MCC pain in L testicle

Dx?

A

Varicocele

  • “Bag of worms”
  • no transillumination
  • Dx: exhalation w closed airways (Valsalva) inc pain
51
Q

DDx genital ulcer

A

A. Painless :

  1. Syphilis
  2. Lumphogranuloma venerum (painful LAD)
  3. Granulom inguinale/ Donovanosis (bleeds on contact)

B. Itchy + slightly painful:
1. Herpes

C. Painful w fever + b/l LN swelling:
1. H.ducreyi

52
Q

Prolif of glandular cells in periurethral + transitional zones of prostate seen w?

RF?

A

BPH

RF: DM + Smoking

53
Q

MC complication of PID

A

Perihepatitis / Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

  • “violin-string” adhesions
54
Q

B-HCG is similar to which other hormones?

A

FSH
LH
TSH

55
Q

Irreg sq epith cells w nuclear enlargement and perinuclear halos on cervical Bx seen w?

A

HPV

56
Q

Sudden vaginal bleeding @ 32w G seen w?

RF?

Complications?

A

Placental abruption / abruptio placentae

RF: smoking, HTN, cocaine, trauma, preeclampsia

Complication: DIC, Shock, fetal distress

57
Q

Inc LH, FSH w dec estrogen seen in?

A

POF / 1° ovarian failure

~ menopause before 40

58
Q

MC complication of CIN invasive

A

Renal failure d/t lateral invasion of ureters causing hydronephrosis