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1
Q

Post-coital bleeding + friable cervix

A

Cervicitis :

N.gonorrhoea +/ Chlamydia

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2
Q

Twins of diff sexes

A

Dizygotic - fertilization of 2 oocytes by 2 diff sperms

  • almost always dichorionic/diamniotic
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3
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Division of single zygote after fertilization of single oocyte
- SAME SEX, genetically identical

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4
Q

Complication of prostatectomy?

A

ED d/t damage to cavernous nerves that innervate corpora cavernosa or penis + urethra

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5
Q

Damage to which N causes fecal incontinence

A

Pudendal

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6
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

Genitofemoral N L1x2

Loss in testicular torsion

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7
Q

What stimulates estrogen production from ovaries .

A

FSH - follicular phase — estradiol w +ve feedback inc LH - LH surge — ovulation

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8
Q

GI changes during pregnancy

A
  1. Progesterone dec LES tone - GERD
  2. Estrogen inc cholesterol secretion, P dec GB motility - GALK stones
  3. P dec smooth muscle act c dec MMC in small intestine - constipation, bloating, flatulence
  4. Inc venous pressure - hemorrhoids
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9
Q

+Prehn sign

A

Pain relief w scrotal elevation in Epididymitis

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10
Q

Golden-brown eosinophilia cytoplasmic crystals seen in which

A

Reinke crystals — Leydig cell tumor

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11
Q

Schiller Duval bodies

A

Yolk sac tumor

Inc AFP

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12
Q

Inc beta-HCG seen w?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Choriocarcinoma
  3. Embryonal ca
  4. Dysgerminoma
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13
Q

Incomplete obliteration of processus vaginalis

A
  1. Hydrocele

2. Indirect inguinal hernia

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14
Q

Tx DI Priapism

A

Phenylephrine

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15
Q

PSaMMoma bodies seen in?

A
  1. Endometrial ca

2. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Coffee bean nuclei on H&E

A

Brenner tumor

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17
Q

Granulosa cells arranged around eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies — Granulosa cell tumor

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18
Q

Ovarian fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion

A

Meigs syndrome

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19
Q

Grape like mass from vagina

A

Sarcoma botryoides

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20
Q

III trimester bleeding

Painless:

Painful:

A

Painless: placenta previa

Painful: abruptio placenta

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21
Q

Defective migration of neurons + failure of olfactory bulb to dev

A

Kallman syndrome

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22
Q

Sex chrom disorders-

Inactivated X chrom / Barr body seen in?

X chrom loss d/t nondisjunction during meiosis/ myosis

A

Inactivated X chrom / Barr body seen in? : Klinefelter

X chrom loss d/t nondisjunction during meiosis/ myosis : Turner

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23
Q

Chorionic villus sampling vs Amniocentesis

A

CVS: prenatal diagnosis, detects fetal genetic abnormalities.

  • performed during the first trimester of pregnancy 10-14w
  • less risk of miscarriage comparable to that in case of amniocentesis.
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24
Q

Psammoma bodies seen in?

A

Ovarian serous cystadenoca

25
46XX or XY w large uterus for gestational age
Complete mole - empty ovum fertilized by 2 sperm or ovum fertilized by sperm e duplication
26
69XX or XXY
Partial mole - ovum fertilized by 2 sperm, or 1 ovum fertilized by 1 sperm w duplication of sperm : 46 chrom paternal, 23 chrom maternal
27
#MC complication of PCOS
Endometrial ca
28
U shaped cleft palate seen in?
Pierre Robin sequence
29
What is a collection of malformations known as?
Association: VACTERL 1. Vertebral anomalies 2. Anal atresia 3. Cardiac defects 4. TES fistula 5. Renal abn 6. Limb defects
30
Somatic vs germline mutation
Somatic = sex chrom Germline = gametes = passed onto offspring
31
Inc B-HCG, SOB, vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement. Dx?
Choriocarcinoma
32
Adnexal mass on US w +ve pregnancy test
Ectopic pregnancy Decidualized endometrium d/t inc progesterone, luteal phase w/o embryonic tissue
33
Mediators of labor
Estrogen mediated 1. Upreg of gap junctions: connexin protein - inc myometrial excitability 2. Inc expr of oxytocin receptors- inc Ca transport
34
Postpartum Pd inc risk of which
Myasthenia gravis Q.ID 1657
35
Hx multiple miscarriages c DVT. Dx?
Antiphospholipid syndrome - lupus anticog or anti-cardiolipin +ve
36
#MC testicular tumor
Germ cell tumors - dev sperm - orchiectomy
37
Separated ovarian mass w inc b-HCG seen w?
Dysgerminoma - abd pain in young women - large vesicular cells w clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
38
#MCC breast ca in males
Invasive ductal ca d/t 47, XXY Klinefelter
39
Solid sheets of malignant epith infiltrating into a desmoplastic stroma on breast Bx seen w?
Invasive ductal ca
40
“Bag of worms”
Varicocele - no illumination
41
Trans illuminating scrotal mass
Hydrocele - painless, cystic mass - #MC newborns
42
#MC type of CAH
21-hydroxylase def - inc androgens - dec aldosterone
43
#MCC ambiguous genitalia in girls
21-hydroxylase def, CAH - salt wasting
44
U/L eczematous patch on nipple w serosanguinous discharge seen w?
Paget’s disease of breast Mx: large cells w prominent nuclei and cytoplasmic clefts
45
Cells in a linear patters w/in breast stroma seen in?
Infiltrating lobular ca - b/l w multiple lesions
46
Fibrovascular structures lined by ductal epith on breast Bx seen in?
Intra ductal papilloma
47
Solid pattern w central necrosis on breast Bx seen in?
Comedocarcinoma Subtype of DCIS
48
Dec AFP and inc b-HCG seen w?
Down » 21 B inc, A dec « » Up HI. HCG + Inhibin B inc«
49
Down vs Patau triple-screen
Patau 2#MC autosomal trisomy resulting in live birth Dec all, AFP, B-HCG, Inhibin B - Down : » HI up «
50
#MCC pain in L testicle Dx?
Varicocele - “Bag of worms” - no transillumination - Dx: exhalation w closed airways (Valsalva) inc pain
51
DDx genital ulcer
A. Painless : 1. Syphilis 2. Lumphogranuloma venerum (painful LAD) 3. Granulom inguinale/ Donovanosis (bleeds on contact) B. Itchy + slightly painful: 1. Herpes C. Painful w fever + b/l LN swelling: 1. H.ducreyi
52
Prolif of glandular cells in periurethral + transitional zones of prostate seen w? RF?
BPH RF: DM + Smoking
53
#MC complication of PID
Perihepatitis / Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome - “violin-string” adhesions
54
B-HCG is similar to which other hormones?
FSH LH TSH
55
Irreg sq epith cells w nuclear enlargement and perinuclear halos on cervical Bx seen w?
HPV
56
Sudden vaginal bleeding @ 32w G seen w? RF? Complications?
Placental abruption / abruptio placentae RF: smoking, HTN, cocaine, trauma, preeclampsia Complication: DIC, Shock, fetal distress
57
Inc LH, FSH w dec estrogen seen in?
POF / 1° ovarian failure ~ menopause before 40
58
#MC complication of CIN invasive
Renal failure d/t lateral invasion of ureters causing hydronephrosis

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