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Path > Renal Path > Flashcards

Renal Path Flashcards

1
Q

Light chain casts seen in

A

Multiple myeloma nephropathy

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2
Q

Nephrotic vs nephrotic syndrome

A

Nephritic:
Inflamm
RBC casts

Nephrotic:
prOteinuria
Fatty casts

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3
Q

MCC acute nephritis children

A

PSGN

Hx: strep infection

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4
Q

Sub-epith humps on eMx

A

PSGN

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5
Q

Granular deposits w/in mensagium n glom capillary wall

A

PSGN

  • starry sky / lumpy bumpy app
  • IgG, IgM + C3 dep along GBM and mesangium
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6
Q

Acute kidney injury indications for dialysis

A

AEIOU

Acidosis
Electrolytes: inc K+
Intoxication (SLIME : Salicylates, lithium, isopropanol, methanol, ethylene glycol)
volume Overload
Uremia
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7
Q

IF starry sky/ lumpy bumpy

A

Acute PSGN

IgG, IgM, C3

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8
Q

Linear IF

A

Goodpasture

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9
Q

Granular IF

A
  1. PSGN
  2. DPGN
  3. Lupus nephritis - wire looping
  4. MPGN - subendoth IC deposits (+ intramemb/ dense deposits) - TRAM TRACK APP
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10
Q

Basket weave IF

A

Alport syndrome

  • Type IV collagen mutation
  • “can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear a bee”
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11
Q

EM - effacement ofnfoot processes

A

MCD + FSGN

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12
Q

EM : Spike and dome subepith deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy

  • PSGN (starry sky/ lumpy bumpy)
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13
Q

Fibrocystin gene mutation seen in

A

ARPKD

PKHD1 gene

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14
Q

MCC Prerenal azotemia

A

Ischemia - hypovolemia

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15
Q

Epithelial / granular casts seen in

A

ATN

Muddy brown granular casts

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16
Q

MCC postrenal azotemia

A

B/l outflow obstruction d/t

  • stones
  • BPH
  • Cong anomalies or neoplasm
17
Q

MCC + location of ATN

A
  1. Ischemia
  2. Nephrotoxicity

PCT and ThAL

18
Q

MCC Renal papillary necrosis

A

Infection or immune trauma

Other causes:
» POSTCARDS «

Pyelonephritis 
Obstruction of urinary tract
SCA
Tb
Cirrhosis/ chronic alcohol
Analgesic abuse
Radiation / Renal transplant rejection 
Diabetes
Systemic vasculitis
19
Q

MCC CRF

A

Diabetic nephropathy

20
Q

MCC Diabetic nephropathy

A

Loss of heparan sulfate forming the -ve charged filtration barrier, causing inc filtration of -ve charged serum proteins into the urine, predominately albumin

21
Q

Abx to phospholipase A2 receptor seen in

A

Membranous nephropathy, Nephrotic

  • spike and dome app on EMx
22
Q

MCC u/l flank mass in children

A

Wilms tumor

  • loss of (f) mutation in WT1 or 2 gene on chrom 11
  • WAGR complex
  • Denys-Drash syndrome
  • Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome
23
Q

MCC u/l flank mass in children

A

Wilms tumor

  • loss of (f) mutation in WT1 or 2 gene on chrom 11
  • WAGR complex
  • Denys-Drash syndrome
  • Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome
24
Q

HTN w Berry aneurysm and MVP seen w?

A

ADPKD

25
Q

MCC b/l flank pain w hematuria, polyuria and nocturia

A

ADPKD

  • polycystin 1 gene mutation on chrom 16 (adults)
  • PKD2 mutation on chrom 4 (15% cases)
26
Q

MCC recurrent kidney stones in kids

A

Hereditary cystinuria

  • hexagonal stones
  • defective AA reab in PCT
  • » COLA « wasting
27
Q

Sub endoth deposits seen in

A

DPGN

“Wire lupus”

28
Q

Abx in mesangium on IF seen in?

A

Berger / IgA nephropathy

  • ass.w HSP
    #MCC vasculitis in children
    Hx URI

Tx: steroids

29
Q

Hematuria w URI seen in?

A

IgA nephropathy

vs PSGN : manifests 3-6 w after URI

30
Q

MCC NAGMA

A

NAGMA / hyperchloremic acidosis

  1. Inc NaCl infusion
  2. RTA
  3. Severe diarrhea
31
Q

MCC EAGMA

A
  1. DKA
  2. RF
  3. Poor tissue perfusion
  4. Methanol, Ethanol tox
32
Q

MCC MAlk

A
  1. Diuretic OD
  2. 1° hyperaldosteronism
  3. Severe vomiting
  4. NG suctioning

🔘

  • vomiting : dec K
  • diarrhea : dec HCO3
33
Q

MCC RAcidosis

A

Hypoventilation

  1. Central resp depression (opioid OD)
  2. OHS
  3. NM weakness (Myasthenia gravis)
  4. COPD
34
Q

MCC RAlk

A

HYPERventilation

  1. Acute V/Q mismatch (PE, pneumonia)
  2. Anxiety
  3. Inadequate pain control
  4. High altitude
  5. Pregnancy
35
Q

Nephritic syndrome

A

» Nephritic RAAPS «

RPGN : crescents

Anti GBM: linear IgG

IgA nephropathy: hypercellular d/t IgA in mesangium

Alport: lamellated GBM (?)

PSGN : granular + sub epith humps

36
Q

Nephritic syndrome

A

» Nephritic RAAPS «

RPGN : crescents

Anti GBM: linear IgG

IgA nephropathy: hypercellular d/t IgA in mesangium

Alport: lamellated (basket weave app) GBM

PSGN : granular + sub epith humps

37
Q

Urinary incontinence at the end of the day seen in?

A

Flaccid bladder

  • d/t LMN lesions (Cauda-equina)
  • large residual volume of urine
38
Q

MC complication seen in MSafter a few weeks

A

overactive/ spastic bladder

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