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CNS Flashcards

1
Q

NMS vs Serotonin syndrome

A

NMS:

  • DA antag - antipsychotics
  • 1-3d
  • Rigidity (lead-pipe) + HYPOreflexia
  • Tx: Dantrolene

Serotonin syndrome:

  • serotonergic agents
  • <1d
  • clonus + HYPERreflexia

Overlapping features:

  • altered mental status
  • inc symp act - hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tachycardia
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2
Q

Red neuron w condensed nucleus + loss of nissl bodies seen in

A

Acute neuronal injury d/t ischemia; less commonly hypoglycemia

Pyknosis
Basophillic Nissl disappear - inc eosinophilic cytoplasm : Red Neurons

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3
Q

Mx neuron in nerve transection

A

Axonal reaction

  • enlarged cell body + nucleolus
  • displaced nucleus
  • missal dispersed to periphery
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4
Q

Types of nerve injury + response

A
  1. Ischemia : Acute Neuronal injury
  2. Transection : Axonal reaction/ regeneration
  3. Progressive degenerative disease : Chronic neuronal injury : REACTIVE GLIOSIS
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5
Q

Enlarged neuronal cells w foamy app seen in

A

Tay-Sachs, Neimann-Pick

Neuronal degen d/t free radical damage ; foamy d/t undigested macromolecules

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6
Q

MCC liquefactive necrosis in brain

A

Lacunar infarcts causing lipohyalinosis + microatheroma

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7
Q

B12 def

A

Subacute combined degen - DCML + LCST involved

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8
Q

Blood bw skull and dura seen in

A

Epidural hematoma (lemon)

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9
Q

Blood bw dura and arachnoid seen in

A

Subdural hemorrhage (banana)

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10
Q

Blood bw arachnoid and pia seen in

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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11
Q

Blood bw galea aponeurotica and periosteum seen in

A

Subgaleal hemorrhage

  • d/t vacuum ass. delivery
  • emissary veins
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12
Q

Blood bw skull and periosteum seen in

A

Cephalohematoma

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13
Q

Romberg+ve + unreactive pupils seen in?

A

3° Syphilis/ Tabes dorsalis

  • Demyelination of DCML + dorsal roots
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14
Q

Defective snRNP assembly seen w?

A

Spinal muscular atrophy

  • SMN1 gene
  • destruction of ant horns
  • CF: Floppy baby, Flaccid paralysis, Fasciculations
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15
Q

Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus-myoclonus Ataxia syndrome seen in?

A

“Denying eyes, dancing feet”

  1. Neuroblastoma
  2. Sm cell lung ca
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16
Q

Abx against purkinje cell Ag seen w?

A

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degen

  1. Sm cell lung ca (anti-Hu)
  2. GYN + breast ca (anti-Yo)
  3. Hodgkin lymphoma (anti-Tr)
17
Q

Ab against Hu Ag in neurons seen in?

A

Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis / cerebellar degen

Sm cell lung ca

18
Q

Ab against presynaptic Ca ch seen in?

A

Lambert-Eaton

Small cell lung ca

19
Q

Abx against postsynaptic ACh receptors seen in?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

Thymoma

20
Q

Sudden involuntary movements w Hx DM + HTN. Dx?

A

Lacunar infarct of STN

C/L hemiballismus

  • STN normally excites GPi which then inhibits thalamus
21
Q

Sudden involuntary movements w Hx DM + HTN. Dx?

A

Lacunar infarct of STN

C/L hemiballismus

  • STN normally excites GPi which then inhibits thalamus
22
Q

Eyes look towards side of lesion in:

Eyes look away from side of lesion in?

A

Eyes look towards side of lesion in: Frontal eye field defect, MCA stroke

Eyes look away from side of lesion in: PPRF lesion

23
Q

Gaze palsy:

Horizontal gaze palsy:

Vertical gaze palsy:

A

Horizontal gaze palsy: INO, MS

Vertical gaze palsy: Dorsal midbrain lesion/ Parinaud syndrome

24
Q

Fall towards side of lesion seen in?

A

Cerebellar hemisphere lesion

  • laterally located, affect lateral limbs
  • i/l intension tremor + limb ataxia + loss of balance
25
Q

MC artery affected d/t thrombotic stroke?

A

MCA

  • ruptured atherosclerotic plaque
26
Q

Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

A

Sturge-Weber

» STURGE «

Sporadic, port-wine Stain, Somatic mosaicism 
Tram-track calcifications
u/l
Retardation
GNAQ gene mutation, Glaucoma
Epilepsy
27
Q

Early onset glaucoma w port-wine stain and tram-track calcifications seen in?

A

Sturge-Weber / Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

28
Q

Inc risk of subepyndemal astrocytoma seen w?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

TSC1, chrom 9
TSC2, chrom 16

29
Q

Deafness + cataract + Meningioma seen in?

A

NF2
Chrom 22

> deafness + cataract + PDA : Rubella

30
Q

Ring-enhancing lesions + new onset seizures seen in?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme/ grade IV astrocytoma

31
Q

GFAP +ve tumor w rosenthal fibers seen in?

A

MC 1° childhood brain tumor

(Corkscrew fibers)

Pilocytic astrocytoma

32
Q

Small blue cell Brian tumor

A

Medulloblastoma

  • homer-wright rosette
  • drop metastasis
33
Q

Perivascular pseudorosettes seen in?

A

Ependymoma

34
Q

Motor-oil like tumor

A

Craniopharyngioma

Cholesterol crystals

  • # MC childhood supratentorial tumor
35
Q

Tumor causing inc HCG production in males?

A

Pinealoma

~ germ cell tumors

36
Q

Defective superoxide dismutase seen in which spinal lesion?

A

ALS

UMN + LMN palsy

37
Q

Lyric bone lesions in a child w rec otitis media d/t?

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

  • mastoid bone
  • skin rash
  • immature cells
  • mesodermal origin
  • express: S100, CD1a
  • birbeck granules/ tennis racket shaped

— Pulm LCH : eosinophilic , RLD

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