Repro Flashcards
What does the bony pelvis consist of?
2 hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx
What makes up the hip bone?
Fusion between ilium, ischium and pubis
Where are the ischial spines palpable?
Palpable on vaginal examination: at about a finger breadth into the vagina (approx.. 4 and 8 o’clock positions)
What does the sacrospinous ligament attach to?
Sacrum and ischial spine
What does the sacrotuberous ligament attach?
Sacrum and ischial tuberosity
Function of ligaments of the pelvis
Ensure that the inferior part of the sacrum is not pushed superiorly when weight is suddenly transferred vertically (e.g. when jumping or during late pregnancy)
The presence of what forms the greater and lesser sciatic foraminae?
The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament
This forms the musculofascial inferior part of the pelvic cavity
Levator ani
Attachment for muscles of locomotion and abdominal wall?
Bony pelvis
Protection of pelvic organs, their blood & nerve supply, their venous and lymphatic drainage
Bony pelvis
Support of upper body when sitting and standing
Bony pelvis
Transference of weight from one long pole (the vertebral column) to two poles (the femurs) to allow standing and walking
Bony pelvis
What is a straddle injury?
Fracture of all four pubic rami
Artery and vein that may be damaged in bony pelvis trauma?
Common iliac artery
Common iliac vein
What is “moulding” and what structures allow this to happen?
Moulding is when bones move over each other to let the foetal head pass through the pelvis during labour
The presence of the sutures and the fontanelles (soft spots) allow the bones to do this
Is the occipitofrontal or biparietal diameter longer?
The occipitofrontal diameter is longer (obv bc the head is longer than it is wide)
Which direction should the foetus enter the pelvic cavity?
Should enter facing right/left (transverse) direction
Bc pelvic cavity at pelvic INLET is wider from side-to-side than from back to front (AP direction)
While descending through the pelvic cavity, the foetal head should:
- rotate
- be in a flexed position (i.e. chin on chest)
Ideally, what direction should the baby leave the pelvic cavity?
Occipitoanterior position (i.e. back of head at anterior vag)
Should the baby’s head be extended or flexed during delivery?
Foetal head should be in extension
What happens once the baby’s head has been delivered?
There is further rotation so that the shoulders and the rest of the baby can be delivered
