Repro

Question 1

What does the bony pelvis consist of?

Answer 1

2 hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 2

What makes up the hip bone?

Answer 2

Fusion between ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 3

Where are the ischial spines palpable?

Answer 3

Palpable on vaginal examination: at about a finger breadth into the vagina (approx.. 4 and 8 o’clock positions)

Question 4

What does the sacrospinous ligament attach to?

Answer 4

Sacrum and ischial spine

Question 5

What does the sacrotuberous ligament attach?

Answer 5

Sacrum and ischial tuberosity

Question 6

Function of ligaments of the pelvis

Answer 6

Ensure that the inferior part of the sacrum is not pushed superiorly when weight is suddenly transferred vertically (e.g. when jumping or during late pregnancy)

Question 7

The presence of what forms the greater and lesser sciatic foraminae?

Answer 7

The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

Question 8

This forms the musculofascial inferior part of the pelvic cavity

Answer 8

Levator ani

Question 9

Attachment for muscles of locomotion and abdominal wall?

Answer 9

Bony pelvis

Question 10

Protection of pelvic organs, their blood & nerve supply, their venous and lymphatic drainage

Answer 10

Bony pelvis

Question 11

Support of upper body when sitting and standing

Answer 11

Bony pelvis

Question 12

Transference of weight from one long pole (the vertebral column) to two poles (the femurs) to allow standing and walking

Answer 12

Bony pelvis

Question 13

What is a straddle injury?

Answer 13

Fracture of all four pubic rami

Question 14

Artery and vein that may be damaged in bony pelvis trauma?

Answer 14

Common iliac artery

Common iliac vein

Question 15

What is “moulding” and what structures allow this to happen?

Answer 15

Moulding is when bones move over each other to let the foetal head pass through the pelvis during labour

The presence of the sutures and the fontanelles (soft spots) allow the bones to do this

Question 16

Is the occipitofrontal or biparietal diameter longer?

Answer 16

The occipitofrontal diameter is longer (obv bc the head is longer than it is wide)

Question 17

Which direction should the foetus enter the pelvic cavity?

Answer 17

Should enter facing right/left (transverse) direction

Bc pelvic cavity at pelvic INLET is wider from side-to-side than from back to front (AP direction)

Question 18

While descending through the pelvic cavity, the foetal head should:

Answer 18

• rotate

- be in a flexed position (i.e. chin on chest)

Question 19

Ideally, what direction should the baby leave the pelvic cavity?

Answer 19

Occipitoanterior position (i.e. back of head at anterior vag)

Question 20

Should the baby’s head be extended or flexed during delivery?

Answer 20

Foetal head should be in extension

Question 21

What happens once the baby’s head has been delivered?

Answer 21

There is further rotation so that the shoulders and the rest of the baby can be delivered