final anatomy 2 Flashcards
Where is the false pelvis?
From the iliac crests to the pelvic inlet
Where is the true pelvis?
From the pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor
At which level do the ureters turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder?
At the level of the ischial spine
The route of the ureters is what…
Subperitoneal
Uterine artery is a branch of which artery?
Internal iliac artery
Branches from which artery supply the pelvic organs, gluteal region and perineum?
The internal iliac
In what position doe the body of the uterus usually lie?
Anteflexed
What separates the bladder from the uterus?
Vesicouterine pouch
2 routes of catheterising a patient?
Urethral
Supra-pubic
Sac the testis sit in
The tunica vaginalis
Where can the epididymis be palpated?
Posterior aspect of the testis
Where can the vas deferens be palpated?
Within the spermatic cord
Transmits deep arteries of the penis
Corpus cavernosum
Transmits the spongy urethra
Corpus spongiosum
What is in the corpus spongiosum?
The spongy urethra
Blood supply to penis
Deep arteries of the penis
-From the internal pudendal artery
From the INTERNAL ILIAC artery
Blood supply to the scrotum
Internal pudendal via the EXTERNAL iliac artery
Where does lymph from the scrotum & most of penis drain to?
Superficial inguinal nodes
Where does lymph from the testes drain to?
LUMBAR NODES
Level of the right kidney
L1-L3
Level of the left kidney
T12-L2
Which ribs protect the kidneys?
11 and 12
Which muscles surround the kidneys?
Posterior abdominal wall muscles
Anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
Back muscles
What surrounds the kidney? VPRPR
Visceral peritoneum Paranephric fat Renal fascia Perinephric fat Renal capsule
Where do you palpate for the kidney?
In the RUQ
inferior to rib 12
Right kidney is posterior to…
Liver
Duodenum
Ascending colon
Right colic flexure
Left kidney is posterior to
Stomach
Tail of pancrease
Hilum of spleen
Splenic vessels
Where does lymph from the kidneys drain to?
The lumbar nodes
Where does lymph from the ureters drain to?
Lumbar and iliac nodes
Sites of ureteric constriction?
Pelviureteric junction
Ureter crossing anterior aspect of common iliac artery
Ureteric orifice
Drains blood from the foregut?
Splenic vein (this drains into hepatic portal vein)
Drains blood from the midgut?
Superior mesenteric vein (drains into hepatic portal vein)
Drains blood from the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric vein (drains into splenic vein)
Where is the larynx?
In the pretracheal fascia
Accessory muscles of inspiration
Strap muscles
Where is the larynx?
Between C4 and C6
What level is the hyoid bone?
C3
What level is the upper border of the thyroid cartilage?
C4/C5
What level is the cricoid cartilage?
C6
What level is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?
Anterior to tracheal cartilage 2-4
Where do you palpate the trachea?
Jugular notch of the manubrium
What level is the trachea?
C6
What level does the larynx become the trachea?
C6
What level does the pharynx become the oesophagus?
C6
Functions of the larynx
Maintains the patency of the URT
Helps prevent entry of foreign bodies
Produces sound
Access point for cricothyroid puncture
Cricothyroid membrane
What is the Adam’s apple?
The laryngeal prominence
Permits “nodding” movement between thyroid and cricoid cartilage?
Cricothyroid joint (synovial)
Muscle in the posterior wall of the trachea
Trachealis
What do you do to prevent regurgitation aspiration in emergency general anaesthesia?
Apply cricoid pressure
Where do the vocal cords attach between?
Between the thyroid cartilage and the VOCAL PROCESSES of the arytenoid cartilage
Where is the endotracheal tube placed?
Through the mouth Then oropharynx Then laryngeal inlet Then through rima glottidis and into the trachea
Lining of the larynx
Respiratory epithelium
Lining of the vocal cords
Stratified squamous epithelium
Mucosal sensory supply superior to vocal fold
Superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve
Mucosal sensory supply to the vocal fold and INFERIOR part of the larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Sensory and motor supply to the larynx
Vagus nerve
These muscles of adduct the vocal cords during the cough reflex
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
What do the cricothyroids do?
Tense the vocal cords by “nodding” the thyroid cartilage anteriorly at the cricothyroid joints
These muscles relax the vocal cords
Thryo-arytenoids (&vocalis muscles)
These muscles adduct the vocal cords
Lateral crico-arytenoids
