Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Which nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
Axillary
Which nerves supplies the majority of the muscles in the anterior forearm?
Median
Which nerve supplies the muscles in the hand (bar the thenar eminence) and 1.5 muscles of the anterior forearm?
Ulnar
Which nerve supplies the muscle of the posterior forearm and posterior arm?
Radial
SITS muscles?
Rotator cuff
Which muscle rotates the scapula during abduction?
Serratus anterior
Which muscles extend the shoulder?
Deltoid (posterior)
Teres major
(lattisimus dorsi and TRICEPS when arm fully flexed)
What does the superficial branch of the ulnar artery form?
The superficial branch of the ulnar artery forms the superficial palmar arch immediately deep to the palmar aponeurosis by anastomosing with the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
Where does the radial artery bifurcate?
Proximal to the carpal tunnel
How many neurovascular bundles supply each finger?
Four:
- Medial palmar
- Lateral palmar
- Medial dorsal
- Lateral dorsal
What must you not use in a ring block?
Adrenaline!
Ulnar nerve supplies
palmar
Medial part of palm
Little finger
Medial half of the ring finger
Median nerve supplies
palmar
Central/lateral palm
Medial half of the ring finger
Middle & Index finger
Thumb (excluding skin over the base)
Radial nerve supplies
palmar
Skin over the base of the thumb
Ulnar nerve supplies (dorsal)
Medial part of dorsum of the hand
Little finger
Medial half of ring finger
Median nerve supplies (dorsal)
Skin over distal phalanges/nail beds
of thumb, index finger a
Radial nerve supplies (dorsal)
kin over the anatomical snuffbox
Lateral part of dorsum of the hand
Proximal index and middle fingers
Sesamoid Bone
A bone within a tendon
The Hip Joint
synovial, “ball and socket” joint between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur
The Knee Joint
femur, tibia and patella
The Ankle Joint
tibia, fibula & talus
The Lateral Ankle Ligament Complex
Posterior talo-fibular ligament
Anterior talo-fibular ligament
Calcaneo-fibular ligament
Medial Ankle Ligament Complex
Deltoid ligament
At which joints does inversion/eversion occur?
Midtarsal and subtalar joints
Which nerve supplies the anterior muscles of the thigh?
The femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
What constitutes the iliopsoas?
iliacus + psoas major
Where does the quadriceps insert?
The tibial tuberosity
What movements are the quadriceps responsible?
Flexion at the hip and extension at the knee
Which nerve passes through the obturator foramen?
Lol, the obturator nerve
Which nerve supplies the medial muscles of the thigh
The Obturator Nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Where do the medial muscles of the thigh attach?
Shaft of the femur
Which movement are the medial muscles of the thigh responsible for?
Adduction of the hip
Where does the sciatic nerve pass?
Passes out of the greater sciatic foramen of the pelvis into the gluteal region
What does the sciatic nerve supply?
The “hamstrings”
L4-S3
What movement are the hamstrings responsible for?
Extension at hip, flexion at knee
In which compartment of the thigh are the hamstrings?
The posterior compartment
What movements is the posterior compartment of the leg responsible for?
Plantarflexion
Flexion of the toes
Inversion
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
The tibial nerve
Which nerve is the tibial nerve a branch of?
The sciatic nerve
What are muscles in the gluteal region responsible for?
Extension at the hip joint, abduction at the hip
Deeper muscles are external rotators of the hip
Name the muscles in the gluteus region
Gluteus maximus,
Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius
Which nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
The Superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
How many muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
2
What movements are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg responsible for?
Eversion
What movements are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg responsible for?
dorsiflexion at ankle
extension of toes
inversion (at subtalar and midtarsal joints)
Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
The deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
Where does the femoral nerve run?
under inguinal ligament, into anterior compartment of thigh
Where does the obturator nerve run?
passes through obturator foramen (pelvis) into medial compartment of thigh
Which nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Tibial
Route of the Sciatic Nerve?
into post. compt. thigh via the gluteal region
It then splits into tibial and common fibular
Which nerve winds round the head of the femur?
The common fibular nerve
Divides into superficial fibular-lateral compartment
deep fibular-anterior comparment of leg
Which nerve does the saphenous nerve branch from?
The femoral
the saphenous nerve is sensory only
Which nerve is particularly susceptible to compression?
The common fibular
Where to palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Just lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallicus muscle
Blood supply to the hip joint?
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral branches (branches of the deep femoral artery)
- Retinacular arteries
- Artery to head of femur
Where does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint attach anteriorly?
The intertrochanteric line
What term is used to describe the action of contracting muscles on venous blood flow?
The musculovenous pump
Sciatic Nerve (L-S)
L4-S3
Where does the sciatic nerve supply?
The muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, the muscles within all compartments of the leg and the intrinsic muscles of the foot
Where do the menisci attach to?
The menisci are thicker peripherally where they are attached to the fibrous capsule.
The medial meniscus is also attached peripherally to the tibial (medial) collateral ligament which makes it more
vulnerable to tearing in a knee injury. Such an injury could occur after a blow to the lateral side of the knee that
distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint. If the injury is such that the ACL is also ruptured, it is referred to as an “unhappy triad” knee injury.
Both menisci are point anchored anteriorly and posteriorly by attachment to the tibial intercondylar area. The inner
(deep) edges of the menisci are unattached to bone and very thin
What does the anterior tibial artery become as it passes deep to the extensor retinaculae?
The dorsalis pedis artery
Lymphatic drainage of the upper arm
Lymph vessels that accompany the cephalic drain into the apical AXILLARY lymph nodes
Lymph nodes that accompany the basilic vein drain into the cubital lymph nodes (anterior to the medial epicondyle). These then drain into the humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
Lymph nodes that accompany deeper veins (radial and brachial) drain into the HUMERAL (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
-Ultimately lymph vessels from the upper limb follow the subclavian vein to drain
into the venous system at the venous angle.
