REPRO Flashcards
3 important branches of the pudendal nerve
Inferior rectal nerve
Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris
Perineal nerves – posterior scrotal/labial nn.
Emission of sperm is primarily controlled by what nerve?
Hypogastric n (sympathetic NS)
Ejaculation of sperm is primarily controlled by what nerve?
Pudendal n (sympathetic NS)
Venous drainage of left ovary/testis
Left ovary/testis – > left gonadal vein –> left renal vein –> IVC
Lymphatic drainage of proximal 2/3 of vagina/uterus
Obturator, external iliac, and hypogastric nodes
What do the paramesonephric ducts develop into? What cell type suppresses the development of these ducts?
These are mullerian ducts that develop into female internal structures like the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina. Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian inhibitor factor.
Which cell type induces the mesonephric ducts to develop?
These are the Wolffian ducts which develop into male internal structures –seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, and ductus deferens. Leydig cells secrete androgens which stimulate the development of these ducts.
What helps with the development of male external genitalia?
SRY gene on Y chromosome produces testis-determining factor which promotes testes development.
Which male reproductive organ does NOT form from mesonephric ducts??
Prostate
Pathology that results from incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts
Bicornuate uterus – leads to UT abnormalities and miscarriages.
2 homologue pairs originating from genital tubercle (2 male, 2 female)
Male: glans penis
Female: Glans clitoris
Male: corpus cavernosum, spongiosum
Female: vestibular bulbs
2 homologue pairs originating from urogenital sinus (2 male, 2 female)
Male: bulbourethral glands of cowper
Female: greater vestibular glands of Bartholin
Male: Prostate gland
Female: urethral and paraurethral glands of Skene
Homologue pair that originates from urogenital folds
Male: ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)
Female: labia minora
If an individual either has no sertoli cells or lacks Mullerian inhibitory factor, what will be their phenotypic makeup?
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Abnormal opening of penile urethra on dorsal side of penis.
- What is this due to?
- What other abnormality do you expect to find?
Epispadias is due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle.
Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with epispadias.
Abnormal opening of penile urethra on ventral side of penis is most likely due to failure of what?
Urethral folds to close
Suspensory ligament of ovaries connects?
Ovaries to lateral pelvic wall.
Contains ovarian vessels.
Cardinal ligament connects?
Cervix to side wall of pelvis
Contains uterine vessels.
Round ligament of the uterus connects?
Uterine fundus to labia majora
Contains artery of Sampson
2 structures derived from gubernaculum in female
Round ligament of the uterus
Ligament of the ovary
Broad ligament connects what?
Uterus, fallopan tubes, and ovaries to pelvic side wall.
Contains ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligaments of uterus.
Ligament of the ovary connects what?
Medal pole of ovary to lateral uterus
Histology of vagina
Stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinized
Histology of ectocervix
Stratified squamous epithelium