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DIT FACTS > BEHAV SCIENCE > Flashcards

BEHAV SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

Equations for sensitivity

A

TP / TP + FN

1 - false negative rate

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2
Q

Equations for specificity

A

TN / TN + FP

1-false positie rate

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3
Q

Equation for PPV

A

TP/TP + FP

Remember that if there is a high prevalence – > high PPV

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4
Q

Equation for NPV

A

TN/TN + FN

Remember that if there is a high prevalence – > low NPV

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5
Q

Equation for odds ratio

A

(a/c) / (b/d) or ad/bc
Used in case-control studies
Odds that the group with the disease was exposed to a risk factor (a/c) divided by the odds that the group without the disease (controls) was exposed

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6
Q

Equation for relative risk

A

a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
Used in cohort studies
Risk of developing disease in exposed group divided by risk in unexposed group

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7
Q

Equation for attributable risk

A

a/(a+b) - c/(c+d)

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8
Q

Equation for # needed to treat

A

1/ARR

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9
Q

Absolute risk reduction equation

A

Absolute reduction in risk associated with tx as compared to a control (e.g. 8% of people who receive a placebo vaccine develop flu vs. 2% who receive a flu vaccine, then ARR = 8-2=6%

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10
Q

Equation for # needed to harm

A

1/attributable risk

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11
Q

Equation for incidence

A

of new cases in specified time period/population at risk during same time period

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12
Q

Equation for prevalence

A 
# of existing cases/population at risk
prevalence = incidence rate x average disease duration
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13
Q

Define Berkson’s bias

A

Studies performed on patients that have been hospitalized – type of selection bias.

This would make the patients more likely to have comorbidities.

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14
Q

Define procedural bias

A

Subjects in different groups are not treated the same -e.g., more attention is paid to treatment group, stimulating greater adherence.

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15
Q

Rank the values of mean, median, and mode in a positively skewed distribution.

A

Mean > median > mode

Longer tail on right

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16
Q

Rank the values of mean, median, and mode in a negatively skewed distribution.

A

Mean < median < mode

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17
Q

Define type I error

A

There is an effect or difference when none exists –also known as a false +

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18
Q

Define type II error

A

There is not an effect or difference when one exists –false negative error

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19
Q

3 ways to increase power (1-B)

A

Increase sample size
Increase expected effect size
Increase precision of measurement

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20
Q

Equation for confidence interval

A

mean +/- Z (SEM)

21
Q

Z values for 90%, 95,%, and 99% CI

A

90: 1.65
95: 1.96
99: 2.57

22
Q

Equation for SEM

A

SEM = SD / sq root of sample size

23
Q

When is it important for a patient with a tetanus prone wound to receive a tetanus vaccine?

A

If the pt had or =3 doses, should receive vaccine if:
its been >10 years since and the wound is minor
its been >5 years since and the wound is high risk (if it has dirt or poop in it)

24
Q

Which adult populations should receive a pneumonia vaccine? There’s 11.

A 
> or = 65 y.o
COPD, asthma
Long-term care facilities
Smokers
Residents
CVD
HIV
DM
Liver disease
Asplenia 
CSF leaks
25
Q

Top 3 causes of death in infants

A
  1. Congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities
  2. Short gestation
  3. SIDS
26
Q

Top 3 causes of death in 1-4 y.o.

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Congenital malformation and chromosomal abnormalities
  3. Homicide
27
Q

Top 3 causes of death in 5-14 y.o.

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Malignant neoplasms
  3. Congenital malformations
28
Q

Top 3 causes of death in 15-24 y.o.

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Homicide
  3. Suicide
29
Q

Top 3 causes of death in 25-44 y.o.

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Cancer
  3. Heart disease
30
Q

Top 3 causes of death in 45-64 y.o.

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Heart disease
  3. Accidents
31
Q

Top 4 causes of death in >65 y.o.

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic pulm dz
  4. Cerebrovasc dz
32
Q

Current indications on herpes zoster

A

1 dose after 60 y.o. even if they already had shingles

33
Q

At minimum, what 4 meds should a patient with prior MI due to atherosclerosis be taking?

A

Aspirin
B-blocker
ACE-inhib
Statin

34
Q

Target HgbA1C for every diabetic pt

A

<7.0

35
Q

4 changes in sleep patterns seen in the elderly

A

Decreased REM
Decreased slow wave sleep
Increased sleep latency
Increased nighttime wakening

36
Q

Question asked during phase I of drug development

A

Is it safe?

37
Q

Questions asked during phase II of drug development?

A

Does it work?

Is it efficaceous?

38
Q

Questions asked during phase III of drug development

A

Does it work better?

39
Q

Questions asked during phase IV of drug development?

A

Post-market surveillance

40
Q

Gross motor, verbal, and fine motor features observed at 3 mos of age

A

Motor: rolls over
Verbal: laughs, squeals
Fine motor: hands together

41
Q

Stranger anxiety arises around what age?

A

6-12 months

42
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self care features observed at 6 mos of age

A

Motor: sits alone
Verbal: single syllable
Fine motor: pass cube
Self care: self-feeding

43
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self-care observed at 12 months of age

A

Gross motor: stand
Verbal: 1-3 words
Fine motor: cube in cup
Self care: drinks from cup

44
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self-care skills observed at the age of 15 mos.

A

Motor: walk backward, run
Verbal: 6 words
Fine motor: 2 cube tower
Self-care: fork, spoon use

45
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self-care observed at 18 mos of age

A

Motor: climb stairs
Verbal: combine words
Fine motor: 4 cube tower
Self care: brush teeth

46
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self-care observed at 2 years of age

A

Motor: jump up
Verbal: half understandable
Fine motor: 6 cube tower
Self-care: washes/dries hands

47
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self-care observed at 3 years of age

A

Motor: jump forward
Verbal: completely understandable
Fine motor: draw circle
Self care: eat cereal, dress

48
Q

Gross motor, fine motor, and self-care observed at 4 years of age

A

Motor: hop on 1 foot
Fine motor: copy cross, stick figure
Self care: button shirt

49
Q

Gross motor, verbal, fine motor, and self-care observed at 5 years of age

A

Motor: Count to 5
Verbal: ID colors
Fine motor: copies square
Self-care: tie shoes

DIT FACTS (16 decks)

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