Repro 2 Flashcards
4 muscles of the perineum
External anal sphincter
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
Innervation of external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perneal
Pudendal nerve
Innervation of the deep transverse perineal muscle and external urethral sphincter
Pudendal nerve
Action of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus in men and women
Men = Empties urethra Women = Clenches vagina
(Think superficial transverse perineal muscle does the same)
Function of deep transverse perineal muscle
Expulsion of semen
Expulsion of urine in both sexes
Muscles that converge on the perineal body
Bulbocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal
External anal sphincter
?Levator ani?
What is the perineal body and what happens when it’s damaged
The final support for the pelvic viscera
Damage to it can lead to P.O.P.
3 parts of the male urethra
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy (penile)
Symptoms of an enlarged prostate
Increased urgency and frequency
Weak/slow stream
Difficulty starting urination (?hesitance?)
Feeling of incomplete voiding
Widest and narrowest part of the male urethra
Widest = Prostatic Narrowest = Membranous
Major content of the ischioanal fossa
Fat and loose connective tissue
Contents of the pudendal canal
Internal pudendal a and v
Pudendal nerve
What do the contents for the Pudendal canal supply
Supply, drain and innervates the perineum
What 3 structures constitute the birth canal
Cervix, vagina, vulva
3 layer of the uterus from outside to in
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Where is the vesicouterine pouch and rectouterine pouch
Vesicouterine = between uterus and bladder Rectouterine = between rectum and uterus
Symptoms of a retroverted and retroflexed uterus
Dyspareunia
Dysmenorrhoea
Symptoms of a retroverted and retroflexed uterus
Dyspareunia
Dysmenorrhoea
Which vaginal fornix gives access to the rectouterine pouch and why is it important
Posterior fornix
Allows for culdocentesis (draining fluid e.g. abscess from pouch of Douglas)
What does the round ligament of the uterus do
Maintains anteversion
Cardinal ligament AKA
Transverse cervical ligament
4 parts of the fallopian tubes
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Widest and longest part of the fallopian tube
Ampulla
Where in the fallopian tube does the fertilization occur
Ampulla
2 ligaments associated with the ovary
Broad ligament (mesovarium) Suspensory ligament of the ovary
How are the Broad ligament and Suspensory ligament of the ovary connected to the ovary
Broad ligament = uterus to ovary
Suspensory ligament of the ovary = ovary to lateral pelvic wall
What arteries supply the gonads and genitalia
Gonadal and internal illiac arteries
What vertebral level do the gonadal arteries arise
L2
Where do the right and left gonadal veins drain into
Right = IVC Left = Left renal artery
What does water under the bridge refer to
The ureter crossing under the uterine artery
Important to remember when ligating the uterine artery
Common complication of hysterectomies
Iatrogenic injury to the ureter
What drains the ovaries
Para-aortic LNs
How far do the breasts extend vertically and laterally
Vertically = 2nd to 6th rib Laterally = Lateral border of the sternum to ant. Axillary line
The deep surface of the breasts relates to what 3 muscles
Pectoralis major
Serratos ant
External Oblique
Blood supply to the breasts
Medial mammary a (from internal thoracic a)
Lateral mammary a (from lateral thoracic a)
Veins share the same name
3 main LNs that drain the breasts
Supraclavicular
Axillary
Parasternal (medial quadrants)
What group of LNs drain the lateral part of the breasts
Pectoral
