Repro 2

Question 1

4 muscles of the perineum

Answer 1

External anal sphincter
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

Question 2

Innervation of external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perneal

Answer 2

Pudendal nerve

Question 3

Innervation of the deep transverse perineal muscle and external urethral sphincter

Answer 3

Pudendal nerve

Question 4

Action of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus in men and women

Answer 4

Men = Empties urethra
Women = Clenches vagina 

(Think superficial transverse perineal muscle does the same)

Question 5

Function of deep transverse perineal muscle

Answer 5

Expulsion of semen

Expulsion of urine in both sexes

Question 6

Muscles that converge on the perineal body

Answer 6

Bulbocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal
External anal sphincter
?Levator ani?

Question 7

What is the perineal body and what happens when it’s damaged

Answer 7

The final support for the pelvic viscera

Damage to it can lead to P.O.P.

Question 8

3 parts of the male urethra

Answer 8

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy (penile)

Question 9

Symptoms of an enlarged prostate

Answer 9

Increased urgency and frequency
Weak/slow stream
Difficulty starting urination (?hesitance?)
Feeling of incomplete voiding

Question 10

Widest and narrowest part of the male urethra

Answer 10

Widest = Prostatic
Narrowest = Membranous

Question 11

Major content of the ischioanal fossa

Answer 11

Fat and loose connective tissue

Question 12

Contents of the pudendal canal

Answer 12

Internal pudendal a and v

Pudendal nerve

Question 13

What do the contents for the Pudendal canal supply

Answer 13

Supply, drain and innervates the perineum

Question 14

What 3 structures constitute the birth canal

Answer 14

Cervix, vagina, vulva

Question 15

3 layer of the uterus from outside to in

Answer 15

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 16

Where is the vesicouterine pouch and rectouterine pouch

Answer 16

Vesicouterine = between uterus and bladder 
Rectouterine = between rectum and uterus

Question 17

Symptoms of a retroverted and retroflexed uterus

Answer 17

Dyspareunia

Dysmenorrhoea

Question 18

Symptoms of a retroverted and retroflexed uterus

Answer 18

Dyspareunia

Dysmenorrhoea

Question 19

Which vaginal fornix gives access to the rectouterine pouch and why is it important

Answer 19

Posterior fornix

Allows for culdocentesis (draining fluid e.g. abscess from pouch of Douglas)

Question 20

What does the round ligament of the uterus do

Answer 20

Maintains anteversion

Question 21

Cardinal ligament AKA

Answer 21

Transverse cervical ligament

Question 22

4 parts of the fallopian tubes

Answer 22

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbriae

Question 23

Widest and longest part of the fallopian tube

Answer 23

Ampulla

Question 24

Where in the fallopian tube does the fertilization occur

Answer 24

Ampulla

Question 25

2 ligaments associated with the ovary

Answer 25

``` Broad ligament (mesovarium) Suspensory ligament of the ovary ```

Question 26

How are the Broad ligament and Suspensory ligament of the ovary connected to the ovary

Answer 26

Broad ligament = uterus to ovary | Suspensory ligament of the ovary = ovary to lateral pelvic wall

Question 27

What arteries supply the gonads and genitalia

Answer 27

Gonadal and internal illiac arteries

Question 28

What vertebral level do the gonadal arteries arise

Answer 28

L2

Question 29

Where do the right and left gonadal veins drain into

Answer 29

``` Right = IVC Left = Left renal artery ```

Question 30

What does water under the bridge refer to

Answer 30

The ureter crossing under the uterine artery | Important to remember when ligating the uterine artery

Question 31

Common complication of hysterectomies

Answer 31

Iatrogenic injury to the ureter

Question 32

What drains the ovaries

Answer 32

Para-aortic LNs

Question 33

How far do the breasts extend vertically and laterally

Answer 33

``` Vertically = 2nd to 6th rib Laterally = Lateral border of the sternum to ant. Axillary line ```

Question 34

The deep surface of the breasts relates to what 3 muscles

Answer 34

Pectoralis major Serratos ant External Oblique

Question 35

Blood supply to the breasts

Answer 35

Medial mammary a (from internal thoracic a) Lateral mammary a (from lateral thoracic a) Veins share the same name

Question 36

3 main LNs that drain the breasts

Answer 36

Supraclavicular Axillary Parasternal (medial quadrants)

Question 37

What group of LNs drain the lateral part of the breasts

Answer 37

Pectoral