Repro. - 2

Question 1

What is the sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder?

Answer 1

Hypogastric nerve (T12-L2)

Question 2

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder?

Answer 2

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

Question 3

What is the sympathetic effect on the urinary bladder?

Answer 3

Relaxation of the detrusor muscle
Promotes urinary retention

Question 4

What is the parasympathetic effect on the urinary bladder?

Answer 4

Contraction of the detrusor muscle
Stimulating micturition

Question 5

What is the somatic innervation of the urinary bladder?

Answer 5

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Question 6

What is the somatic effect on the urinary bladder?

Answer 6

Innervates the external urethral sphincter
Voluntary control over micturition

Question 7

What is the epithelium of the urinary bladder?

Answer 7

Transitional epithelium

Question 8

What is the arterial supply of the urinary bladder?

Answer 8

Superior vesical branch of the internal iliac artery
Males - inferior vesical artery
Females - vaginal artery

Question 9

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder?

Answer 9

Vesical venous plexus drains into internal iliac vein

Question 10

What are the lymphatics of the urinary bladder?

Answer 10

Superolateral aspect - external iliac LNs
Neck and fundus - internal iliac, sacral and common iliac nodes

Question 11

What is the arterial supply of the rectum?

Answer 11

Superior rectal - inferior mesenteric artery
Middle rectal - internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal - internal pudendal artery

Question 12

What is the venous drainage of the rectum?

Answer 12

Superior, middle and inferior rectal veins
Superior to portal venous system
Middle and inferior to systemic

Question 13

What is the innervation of the rectum?

Answer 13

Sympathetic - inferior hypogastric plexuses
Parasympathetic - S2-S4 via pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 14

What is the main lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

Answer 14

Pararectal LNs draining into inferior mesenteric LNs

Question 15

What is the epithelium of the anal canal?

Answer 15

Columnar epithelium

Question 16

What is the epithelium of the anal canal inferior to the pectinate line?

Answer 16

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 17

What is the arterial supply of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Answer 17

Superior rectal artery and branches from middle rectal artery

Question 18

What is the arterial supply of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

Answer 18

Inferior rectal artery and branches from middle rectal artery

Question 19

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal?

Answer 19

Superior rectal vein for above - inferior mesenteric vein
Inferior rectal vein for below - internal pudendal vein

Question 20

What is the innervation of the anal canal?

Answer 20

Somatic - inferior rectal nerves
Inferior hypogastric above pectinate line

Question 21

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Answer 21

Internal iliac LNs

Question 22

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

Answer 22

Superficial inguinal LNs

Question 23

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

Answer 23

Para-aortic and lumbar LNs

Question 24

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower vagina?

Answer 24

Sacral LNs

Question 25

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine body?

Answer 25

Internal and external iliac LNs

Question 26

What is the lymphatic drainage of the fundus and upper uterine body?

Answer 26

Pre-aortic LNs

Question 27

What is the lymphatic drainage of the cervix and upper vagina?

Answer 27

Internal iliac and sacral LNs

Question 28

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

Answer 28

Lumbar and para-aortic LNs

Question 29

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

Answer 29

Superficial inguinal LNs

Question 30

What is the lymphatic drainage of the urethra?

Answer 30

Internal iliac LNs

Question 31

What is the lymphatic drainage of the prostate gland?

Answer 31

Internal and external LNs

Question 32

What is the contents of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 32

Superior gluteal artery and vein Superior gluteal nerve Sciatic nerve Pudendal nerve Inferior gluteal artery and vein Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Nerve to obturator internus and quadratus femoris

Question 33

What are the contents of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 33

Pudendal nerve Inferior gluteal artery and vein Obturator internus tendon Nerve to obturator internus

Question 34

What are the erectile tissues of the penis?

Answer 34

Left and right crura covered by ischiocavernosus muscles form corpora cavernosa Bulb forms the corpus spongiosum muscle

Question 35

What is the action of the bulbospongiosus muscle?

Answer 35

Helps to maintain erection in males

Question 36

What is the action of the ischiocavernosus muscle?

Answer 36

Contracts to force blood into corpora cavernosa to help maintain erection

Question 37

What are the fascial coverings of the penis?

Answer 37

Superficial and deep fascia under the skin Underneath the deep fascia is the tunica albuginae

Question 38

What is the innervation of the penis?

Answer 38

S2-4 Sensory and sympathetic innervation to skin and glans penis is supplied by dorsal nerve penis - pudendal nerve

Question 39

What is the innervation of the scrotum?

Answer 39

Anterior scrotal nerves from Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve Posterior scrotal nerves from pudendal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 39

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

Answer 39

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 40

What are the layers of the scrotum?

Answer 40

Superficial dartos fascia of scrotum External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia Parietal and visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

Question 41

What are the layers of the spermatic cord?

Answer 41

External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle and fascia Internal spermatic fascia

Question 42

What is the innervation of the spermatic cord?

Answer 42

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 43

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Answer 43

Transports sperm from epididymis to the ampulla and ejaculatory duct

Question 44

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 44

Secretes proteolytic enzymes into semen to break down clotting factors so remains in fluid state

Question 45

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

Answer 45

Lubricating mucus secretion

Question 46

What is the innervation of the prostate and bulbourethral glands?

Answer 46

Sympathetic - hypogastric nerve

Question 47

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 47

Secretions contain alkaline fluid, fructose, prostaglandins and clotting factors for semen

Question 48

What does SEED stand for?

Answer 48

S - seminal vesicle, E - ejaculatory duct, E - epididymis and D - ductus deferens All derived from the mesonephric ducts

Question 49

What is the innervation of the urethra?

Answer 49

Prostatic plexus

Question 50

What is the nerve roots of the genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 50

Genitofemoral - L1-2 Ilioinguinal - L1

Question 51

What is the sensory function of the genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 51

Lateral skin of the scrotum Mon pubis, labia majora and adjacent thigh

Question 52

What is the motor function of the genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 52

Cremaster and dartos muscle Efferent limb of cremasteric reflex

Question 53

What is the sensory function of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 53

Innervates anterior skin of the scrotum Skin of superior anteromedial thigh Skin of labia majora and mons pubis

Question 54

What is the sensory function of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 54

Innervates the external genitalia of both sexes Skin of anus, anal canal and perineum

Question 55

What is the motor function of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 55

Bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus and levator ani muscles External anal and urethral sphincter