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Repro System - Anatomy > Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What bony landmarks make up the pelvic brim/ inlet?

A

Sacral promontory
Arcuate line of the ilium
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Pubic tubercle
Ala of the sacrum

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2
Q

What are the bony features and ligaments which make up the pelvic outlet?

A

Inferior rami of pubis
Tip of coccyx
Inferior margin of pubic symphysis
Sacro-tuberous ligaments

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3
Q

What part of the pelvis are termed the true and false pelvis?

A

True - inferior
False - superior
Pelvic inlet is the junction between true and false

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4
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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5
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

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6
Q

What are the features of the female pelvis when compared to male?

A

Shallow greater pelvis, wide and shallow lesser pelvis, inlet is oval shaped, outlet is larger, subpubic angle is obtuse (Over 90), oval obturator foramen and small acetabulum

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7
Q

What are the features of the male pelvis when compared to female?

A

Deep greater pelvis, narrow and deep lesser pelvis, heart shaped inlet, smaller outlet, acute subpubic angle (less than 90), round obturator foramen and large acetabulum

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8
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet?

A

10.5cm - obstetrical conjugate diameter
Smallest area baby’s head has to pass through in childbirth

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9
Q

What is the narrowest diameter of the pelvic outlet?

A

13.5cm

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10
Q

What is A?

A

Piriformis muscle

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11
Q

What is B?

A

Obturator internus muscle

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12
Q

What muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis

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13
Q

What nerve network lies on the piriformis muscle?

A

Sacral plexus

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14
Q

What is A?

A

Urethral hiatus

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15
Q

What is B?

A

Vaginal canal

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16
Q

What is C?

A

Rectal hiatus

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17
Q

What is E?

A

Puborectalis

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18
Q

What is F?

A

Iliococcygeus

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19
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Fibromuscular node lying in the midline of the perineum - provides an anchor point for several muscles

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20
Q

What is the anococcygeal body?

A

layered musculotendinous intersection of 2 halves of levator ani muscles

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21
Q

What are the 2 muscles which make up the majority of the pelvic floor?

A

Coccygeus
Levator ani - 3 paired separate muscles

22
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A

Resistance to increase in intra-pelvic/ abdominal pressure
Urinary and faecal continence

23
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

Anterior vaginal prolapse - bladder bulges into vagina

24
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

Posterior vaginal prolapse - rectum bulges into vagina

25
Q

What is the distribution/ organs of the superior and inferior vesical artery?

A

Bladder, seminal gland and prostate in males

26
Q

What is the origin of the superior and inferior vesical artery?

A

Anterior division of internal iliac

27
Q

What is the origin of the uterine artery?

A

Anterior division of internal iliac

28
Q

What organ does the uterine artery supply?

A

Uterus

29
Q

What does the gonadal artery supply?

A

Testes and ovaries

30
Q

What is the origin of the gonadal artery?

A

Abdominal aorta

31
Q

What is the origin of the superior rectal artery?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

32
Q

What is the origin of the middle and inferior rectal artery?

A

Internal iliac artery

33
Q

What is the origin of the vaginal artery?

A

Uterine artery

34
Q

What is the main artery of the perineum and what is its origin?

A

Internal pudendal artery
Posterior division of the internal iliac

35
Q

What is the origin of the obturator artery?

A

Internal iliac artery

36
Q

What part of the rectum drains into portal circulation?

A

Superior rectal

37
Q

What parts of the rectum drain into the systemic circulation?

A

Inferior and middle

38
Q

Which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with on it’s posterior side?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus

39
Q

What spinal segment does ilioinguinal nerve originate from?

A

L1

40
Q

Describe the course of the ilioinguinal nerve

A

Enters the inguinal canal at superficial inguinal ring to supply skin at root of penis in males and labia in females

41
Q

Describe the course of the genitofemoral nerve

A

Originates from L1-2 and enters the deep inguinal ring

42
Q

What structures n males are supplied by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin - involved in the cremasteric reflex

43
Q

What segmental levels does the pudendal nerve arise from?

A

S2-4

44
Q

What bony landmark is used when performing a pudendal nerve block in labour?

A

Ischial spine

45
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres of the pelvis arise from?

A

L1 and L2 via hypogastric nerve and terminal aspect of sympathetic trunk
Supply all internal pelvic organs

46
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres supply in the pelvis?

A

Male - vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis
Female - ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina

47
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres of the pelvis originate from?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-4
All internal pelvic organs and innervate erectile tissues in males and females

48
Q

What part of the autonomic nervous system is involved in ejaculation in males?

A

Sympathetic

49
Q

What do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

Bladder, uterus and prostate

50
Q

What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

Gluteal region, deep perineum and inferior pelvic viscera

51
Q

What do the sacral lymph nodes drain?

A

Lower part of rectum and upper part of the anal canal

52
Q

What do the common iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

3 main groups - external, internal and sacral lymph nodes

Repro System - Anatomy (2 decks)

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