Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What 3 structures constitute the birth canal?
Cervix, vagina and vulva
What is A?
Fallopian tubes
What is B?
Uterus
What is C?
Vagina
What is D?
Cervix
What is F?
Ovary
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
Peritoneum
Myometrium
Endometrium
What area of the uterine body does the lower segment of the uterus develop from?
Uterovaginal primordium
What makes the lower segment of the uterus?
Area between cervix and uterus
Lower segment is opened in CS
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteflexed and anteverted
What is the blue arrow pointing to?
Rectouterine pouch
What is the red arrow pointing to?
Uterovesical pouch
What is the green arrow pointing to?
Rectum
What is the orange arrow pointing to?
Broad ligament
How many fornixes are there in the vagina?
2
Cervix protrudes into the proximal end of the vagina forming recess at lower margin of the vagina
Through which fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch?
Posterior vaginal fornix
Which ligament is called the cradinal ligament of the uterus?
Lateral/ transverse ligament
What is A?
Round ligament
What is B?
Ovary
What is D?
Ovarian vessels
What is E?
Ligament of the ovary
What is F?
Broad ligament
What is an important support of the uterus apart from the ligaments?
Pelvic floor muscles
What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tubes?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural or uterine part
Which part of the uterine tube is the longest and widest?
Ampulla
Fertilisation occurs in which part of the uterine tube?
Ampulla
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Fertilised egg may be unable to pass into the uterus and can implant in the uterine tube
What is the ligament from the uterus to ovary?
Broad
What s the ligament from the ovary to lateral pelvic wall?
Suspensory
What is the origin of the ovarian and internal iliac arteries?
Abdominal aorta
What vertebral level does the ovarian arteries originate from?
L2/3
Describe the course of the ovarian artery
As it descends the artery passes within the suspensory ligament to supply ovaries via the broad ligament
Freely anastomoses with the uterine artery
Which vein does the left ovarian vein drain into?
Left renal vein
Which vein does the right ovarian vein drain into?
IVC
What is the course of the uterine artery?
Crosses over the ureter at the level of the ischial spine, junction of cervix and lateral part of the fornix of the vagina
What is A?
Ovarian artery
What is B?
Uterine artery
What is C?
Internal iliac artery
Which group of lymph nodes drains the ovary?
Para-aortic LNs
What is the lymphatic drainage of the fundus and upper uterine body?
Pre-aortic group of LNs
What is the lymphatic drainage of the rest of the uterine body?
Iliac, sacral and inguinal LNs
What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine cervix?
Internal iliac and sacral LNs
What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?
Superior - external iliac nodes
Middle - internal iliac nodes
Inferior - superficial inguinal LNs
How many lobes does each breast contain?
15-25 lobes with tubulo-acinar glands and stroma (connective tissue)
What is the position of the breasts with landmarks?
Extend vertically from the 2nd rib to 6th rib
Horizontally from the lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line
What muscles are the breasts related to?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
What is A?
Lateral thoracic artery
What is B?
Axillary artery
What is C?
Internal thoracic artery
What is D?
Lateral mammary branches
What is E?
Lateral mammary branches from posterior intercostal arteries
What is F?
Medial mammary branches
What are the main groups of lymph nodes draining the breast tissue?
Apical axillary
Central axillary
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
Which group of lymph nodes first receive lymph from lateral part of the breast tissue?
Anterior axillary lymph nodes
Which group of lymph nodes first receive lymph from medial part of the breast tissue?
Parasternal lymph nodes
What are the treatment options for breast cancer?
Chemotherapy and possible hormone treatment
Lumpectomy and lymph node biopsy
Mastectomy and axillary clearance
