REPRO! Flashcards
primary sex organ of male
testis (gonad)
purpose of testis
produce sperm and male sex hormones
what is the scrotum
the sac that contains the testes
what does the scrotum do
regulates temperature of testes for sperm production
what is the tunica dartos muscle
pushes the testes upwards toward body for warmth or relaxes to cool
what is the vas deferens
duct that connects the epididymis to urethra of penis
the function of vas deferens
transport sperm during ejaculation
which animal has the highest concentration of sperm?
ram
what is heritability for reproductive traits?
5-15%
which species are testes vertical?
ram and bull
what are the accessory male sex glands
seminal vesicles, prostate glans, Cowper’s
where does spermatogenesis occur
within the lumen of seminiferous tubules
Where are sertoli cells located and what do they do
located within the semi tubules, they provide nourishment for developing sperm
Where are Leydig or interstitial cells located and what do they do
located between semi tubules they produce testosterone
What is GnRH and what is it’s function
GnRH= gonadotropic releasing hormone
controls the release of 2 hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (FSH and LH)
what do FSH/LH do
-LH: stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone
-FSH: stimulates the Sertoli cells to produce nutrients for the sperm
What is contained in the head of sperm?
DNA
functions of testosterone
- excitatory hormone
- stimulate growth of repro tract
- initiate spermatogenesis
starting from the inside, list the order of female reproductive tract
ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, clit
where is the site of placental attachment
uterus
Where’s the site of fertilization
oviduct
Function of ovaries
- produces the ovum
- produces estrogen and progesterone
what is the oogonia
primitive gamete of female
how many layer of cells surrounds the primary follicle
one
how many layer of cells surrounds the secondary follicle
2
what occurs in the tertiary follicle
cells begin to migrate to the antrum
where is estrogen produced (specifically)
the cells lining the antrum
in the absence of pregnancy, what is destroyed through luteolysis
corpus luteum
when a surge of LH is released, what 3 things occur?
- rupture of the follicle
- development of CL
- production of progesterone
what does polyestrous mean and give an example of an animal that is polyestrous
-many estrous periods a year
- cow and sow
seasonally polyestrous means
multiple estrous periods during certain times of the year
estrous cycle length of cow and sow
19-23 days (avg. 21 days)
estrous cycle length of mare
10-37 days (avg. 21 days)
estrous cycle length of ewe
14-19 days (avg. 17 days)
during parturition, which of the following does NOT assume the “diving position”
pigs
is parturition initiated by the fetus?
yes!
ergot alkaloid toxins are produced by what?
endophyte fungus
what is “flushing”
increasing the level of nutritions about 30 days before breeding
what animal are we LEAST likely to artificially inseminate?
sheep
where is semen deposited
cows/mares: uterus
sows: cervix
