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Intro to Animal Science-ANSC 1000 > Lactation review > Flashcards

Lactation review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the mammary glands 2 functions

A
  1. provide nutrition to offspring
  2. source of PASSIVE immunity to offspring
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2
Q

characteristics of mammals

A

-modified sweat glands
-all have mammary glands
-most have hair
-nurture offspring

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3
Q

number of glands and teats: cow

A

4 glands, 4 teats

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4
Q

number of glands and teats: mare

A

4 glands, 2 teats

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5
Q

number of glands and teats: sheep/goat

A

2 glands, 2 teats

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6
Q

where is milk synthesized

A

epithelial cells consisting of alveoli

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7
Q

exocrine gland

A

gland that secretes fluid into a duct

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8
Q

Endocrine ducts

A

ducts that secrete hormones into bloodstream

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9
Q

lactoferrin

A

binds iron recquired for bacterial growth

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10
Q

lysozyme

A

enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls

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11
Q

composition of milk

A

88% water and 12% solids

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12
Q

Holstein milk fat %

A

3.5

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13
Q

Ayrshire milk fat %

A

4.1

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14
Q

Brown swiss milk fat %

A

4.0

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15
Q

Guernsey milk fat %

A

5.0

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16
Q

Jersey milk fat %

A

5.5

17
Q

what is mastitis

A

inflammation of the udder

18
Q

3 main causes of mastitis:

A

-dirty/poorly adjusted milking equipment
-poor milking practices
-injuries to cows because of their surroundings

19
Q

what is the first milk called and why is it important?

A

Colostrum
-transfers immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer)

20
Q

how long is transition from producing colostrum to normal milk

A

3-5 days

21
Q

mammogenesis

A

structural development or growth of mammary gland

22
Q

lactogenesis

A

tissues change from nonlactating to lactating state (usually occurs at end of pregnancy)

23
Q

milk secretion

A

synthesis of milk by epithelial cells

24
Q

milk removal

A

passive removal from cisterns and ejection of milk from alveolar lumen

25
Q

galactopesis

A

maintenance of lactation

26
Q

median suspensory ligament

A

separates right and left halves of udder

27
Q

lateral suspensory ligament

A

outer wall of udder

28
Q

can milk move between quarters?

A

no

29
Q

What hormone is responsible for milk letdown?

A

oxytocin

30
Q

where is oxytocin produced

A

the posterior pituitary

31
Q

example of negative pressure

A

the milking machine

32
Q

example of positive pressure

A

hand milking

33
Q

positive and negative pressure occurs during when

A

suckling

34
Q

what hormone can override the action of oxytocin

A

epinephrine (adrenalin)

35
Q

isometric growth

A

first 2-3 months after birth; growth rate’s equal to body growth)

36
Q

allometric growth

A

from 2-3 months until about 1 year; growth rate faster than rest of body

37
Q

when is peak of lactation curve

A

4-6 weeks

38
Q

ideal dry period

A

2 months

Intro to Animal Science-ANSC 1000 (12 decks)

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