Lactation review

Question 1

What are the mammary glands 2 functions

Answer 1

1. provide nutrition to offspring
2. source of PASSIVE immunity to offspring

Question 2

characteristics of mammals

Answer 2

-modified sweat glands
-all have mammary glands
-most have hair
-nurture offspring

Question 3

number of glands and teats: cow

Answer 3

4 glands, 4 teats

Question 4

number of glands and teats: mare

Answer 4

4 glands, 2 teats

Question 5

number of glands and teats: sheep/goat

Answer 5

2 glands, 2 teats

Question 6

where is milk synthesized

Answer 6

epithelial cells consisting of alveoli

Question 7

exocrine gland

Answer 7

gland that secretes fluid into a duct

Question 8

Endocrine ducts

Answer 8

ducts that secrete hormones into bloodstream

Question 9

lactoferrin

Answer 9

binds iron recquired for bacterial growth

Question 10

lysozyme

Answer 10

enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls

Question 11

composition of milk

Answer 11

88% water and 12% solids

Question 12

Holstein milk fat %

Answer 12

3.5

Question 13

Ayrshire milk fat %

Answer 13

4.1

Question 14

Brown swiss milk fat %

Answer 14

4.0

Question 15

Guernsey milk fat %

Answer 15

5.0

Question 16

Jersey milk fat %

Answer 16

5.5

Question 17

what is mastitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the udder

Question 18

3 main causes of mastitis:

Answer 18

-dirty/poorly adjusted milking equipment
-poor milking practices
-injuries to cows because of their surroundings

Question 19

what is the first milk called and why is it important?

Answer 19

Colostrum
-transfers immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer)

Question 20

how long is transition from producing colostrum to normal milk

Answer 20

3-5 days

Question 21

mammogenesis

Answer 21

structural development or growth of mammary gland

Question 22

lactogenesis

Answer 22

tissues change from nonlactating to lactating state (usually occurs at end of pregnancy)

Question 23

milk secretion

Answer 23

synthesis of milk by epithelial cells

Question 24

milk removal

Answer 24

passive removal from cisterns and ejection of milk from alveolar lumen

Question 25

galactopesis

Answer 25

maintenance of lactation

Question 26

median suspensory ligament

Answer 26

separates right and left halves of udder

Question 27

lateral suspensory ligament

Answer 27

outer wall of udder

Question 28

can milk move between quarters?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

What hormone is responsible for milk letdown?

Answer 29

oxytocin

Question 30

where is oxytocin produced

Answer 30

the posterior pituitary

Question 31

example of negative pressure

Answer 31

the milking machine

Question 32

example of positive pressure

Answer 32

hand milking

Question 33

positive and negative pressure occurs during when

Answer 33

suckling

Question 34

what hormone can override the action of oxytocin

Answer 34

epinephrine (adrenalin)

Question 35

isometric growth

Answer 35

first 2-3 months after birth; growth rate's equal to body growth)

Question 36

allometric growth

Answer 36

from 2-3 months until about 1 year; growth rate faster than rest of body

Question 37

when is peak of lactation curve

Answer 37

4-6 weeks

Question 38

ideal dry period

Answer 38

2 months