Lactation review Flashcards
What are the mammary glands 2 functions
- provide nutrition to offspring
- source of PASSIVE immunity to offspring
characteristics of mammals
-modified sweat glands
-all have mammary glands
-most have hair
-nurture offspring
number of glands and teats: cow
4 glands, 4 teats
number of glands and teats: mare
4 glands, 2 teats
number of glands and teats: sheep/goat
2 glands, 2 teats
where is milk synthesized
epithelial cells consisting of alveoli
exocrine gland
gland that secretes fluid into a duct
Endocrine ducts
ducts that secrete hormones into bloodstream
lactoferrin
binds iron recquired for bacterial growth
lysozyme
enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls
composition of milk
88% water and 12% solids
Holstein milk fat %
3.5
Ayrshire milk fat %
4.1
Brown swiss milk fat %
4.0
Guernsey milk fat %
5.0
Jersey milk fat %
5.5
what is mastitis
inflammation of the udder
3 main causes of mastitis:
-dirty/poorly adjusted milking equipment
-poor milking practices
-injuries to cows because of their surroundings
what is the first milk called and why is it important?
Colostrum
-transfers immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer)
how long is transition from producing colostrum to normal milk
3-5 days
mammogenesis
structural development or growth of mammary gland
lactogenesis
tissues change from nonlactating to lactating state (usually occurs at end of pregnancy)
milk secretion
synthesis of milk by epithelial cells
milk removal
passive removal from cisterns and ejection of milk from alveolar lumen
galactopesis
maintenance of lactation
median suspensory ligament
separates right and left halves of udder
lateral suspensory ligament
outer wall of udder
can milk move between quarters?
no
What hormone is responsible for milk letdown?
oxytocin
where is oxytocin produced
the posterior pituitary
example of negative pressure
the milking machine
example of positive pressure
hand milking
positive and negative pressure occurs during when
suckling
what hormone can override the action of oxytocin
epinephrine (adrenalin)
isometric growth
first 2-3 months after birth; growth rate’s equal to body growth)
allometric growth
from 2-3 months until about 1 year; growth rate faster than rest of body
when is peak of lactation curve
4-6 weeks
ideal dry period
2 months
