Representations - Ethnicity, Social class, Age

Question 1

Ethnic minority’s group - MR’s

Answer 1

VAN DIJK (looked at thousands of media coverage on EM’s).

• Criminals: CUSHION ET AL - 7/10 black men/boys associated with crime and gangs in media.
• Threat: POOLE - Islam portrayed as a threat, demonised to British society (Islamophic).
• Unimportant: LIGALI - Black victims not paid as much attention then white victims.

Poole - islam portrayed as a threat to British society

Question 2

What does Nairn say about the monarchy?

Answer 2

Media used to portray them as ‘just like us’.

Royal family events = social cohesion

Question 3

Representation of the M/C

Answer 3

Over represented, media mainly aimed at m/c

Question 4

Representations of the W/C

JONES

Answer 4

JONES -

Many M/C journalists suffer from “liberal bigotry” - assume W/C are foul-mouthed, racist = causes social problems.

Question 5

Institutional racism in MR

Answer 5

Ethnics are placed in media as a result of TOKENISM! - portrayed a lower status.

Question 6

Black gangsta rap

Answer 6

BEST AND KELLNER -
Found that deprived black youths liked rap as they could relate because of STEREOTYPING and RACISM. provides them with a voice.

HOWEVER, at its worse: ‘racist, sexist, glorify violence and drugs’.

Question 7

Pluralist view of ethnic MR’s

Answer 7

Media mirrors society - give the people what they want otherwise no profit!
- MR of blacks as criminals and Muslims as threat to society.
HOWEVER, journalist can be seen as racist as they are mostly m/c white males.

Question 8

Marxist view of ethnic MR’s

Answer 8

EM’s mostly likely be subject to moral panics, criminalising them: presenting them as folk devils.
Distracts W/C from exploitation.

Question 9

Hegemonic Marxist view of ethnic MR’s

Answer 9

Owners, journalists, editors mostly WHITE! = consensus.

= target Blacks to not alienate whites.

Question 10

Representations of U/C

Answer 10

Neo-Marxist -
Believe that mass media celebrate the hierarchy and wealth, hardly show U/C in neg light nor draw attention to inequality in wealth.

Question 11

Representation of Monarchy

Answer 11

NAIRN -
Media has a positive view on Royal Family - ‘like us’ = reinforce nation ID
Royal events = social cohesion (positive, brings everyone together)

Question 12

Representations of W/C

CURRAN AND SEATON

Answer 12

CURRAN AND SEATON -
Newspapers aimed at W/C are more simplistic, ‘infotainment’ and avoid politics.
MARXISTS - See this as media distracting W/C from exploitation.

Question 13

MR of poverty and underclass

Answer 13

Cohen -
Media pays less attention to capitalist ‘causalities’, journalist, editors… are hopeless at realistically reporting the poor.
MARXIST: creates a FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS = inequality
PLURALISTS: Media only shows what is newsworthy.

Question 14

MR of childhood

EVAN and CHANDLER

Answer 14

As a result of the new family:

PESTER POWER created, manipulate for money and goods.

Question 15

Two points of MR of youth

Answer 15

1. Media allows them to socially construct their ID’s and lifestyle
2. Youths targeted as folk devils, deviant - drug takers and truth benders.

Question 16

82% of media showed young people as a threat, victims and perpetrators of violent crimes.

Who says this?

Answer 16

WAYNE!

Question 17

Functionalist perspective of youth MR

Answer 17

Creates and normalises boundaries, reminds youths what is socially expected.

Question 18

Pluralist perspective of youth MR

Answer 18

Media reflects society - young people are the most likely group to be deviant and criminal behaviour = (criminal behaviour) THIS IS NEWSWORTHY!!

Question 19

Glasgow University Media Group (GUMG) perspective of youth MR

Answer 19

Young people targeting at negative, journalist place old people are a higher status.

Question 20

Postmodernist perspective of youth MR

Answer 20

Media allows young people to be creators: YT, FB….

Question 21

Newman - representation on (old) age

Answer 21

M/C and U/C men are placed in high positions in TV - leaders, judges, politicians, experts.

Question 22

old grey men and young women - 
Representation of (old) age

Answer 22

Old grey men are more likely to be pair with a younger attractive women on TV.
WHEN… old women are more likely to be excluded.